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<p>This experiment employed friction stir processing (FSP), which induces substantial plastic deformation. This study investigates the influence of the number of passes—single pass, double pass—and the orientation of the second pass, specifically unidirectional and reverse, on the high-temperature deformation of the AZ31B Mg alloy during FSP. Specifically, the rotation speed and traverse speed of the FSP tool, the main operational parameters, were set at 1500&#xa0;rpm and 78&#xa0;mm/min, respectively, producing notable dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in the stir zone (SZ) and obtaining a maximum grain refinement of almost 58.62% compared to the base metal. The grain refinement and microstructure of treated materials were investigated using an optical microscope (OM). Vickers microhardness testing was performed along the SZ to check hardness after processing. Hardness value follows increasing trend in the pin area. Refined grains have more hardness. Reverse double-pass friction stir processing produced the lowest average grain size—about 6.38 ± 0.66&#xa0;µm. Strain rates of 1.3 x 10<sup>−3</sup>/s and 6.7 x 10<sup>−3</sup>/s were used in hot tensile testing (HTT) at 400&#xa0;°C. The reverse double-pass FSP sample with the smallest grains showed the highest elongation to fracture of 160% with maximum hardness value.</p>

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Superplastic Characteristics of AZ31B Magnesium Alloys Under Single-Pass and Dual-Pass Friction Stir Processing with Directional Control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Amruta Mahajan,
  • Vishvesh Badheka

摘要

This experiment employed friction stir processing (FSP), which induces substantial plastic deformation. This study investigates the influence of the number of passes—single pass, double pass—and the orientation of the second pass, specifically unidirectional and reverse, on the high-temperature deformation of the AZ31B Mg alloy during FSP. Specifically, the rotation speed and traverse speed of the FSP tool, the main operational parameters, were set at 1500 rpm and 78 mm/min, respectively, producing notable dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in the stir zone (SZ) and obtaining a maximum grain refinement of almost 58.62% compared to the base metal. The grain refinement and microstructure of treated materials were investigated using an optical microscope (OM). Vickers microhardness testing was performed along the SZ to check hardness after processing. Hardness value follows increasing trend in the pin area. Refined grains have more hardness. Reverse double-pass friction stir processing produced the lowest average grain size—about 6.38 ± 0.66 µm. Strain rates of 1.3 x 10−3/s and 6.7 x 10−3/s were used in hot tensile testing (HTT) at 400 °C. The reverse double-pass FSP sample with the smallest grains showed the highest elongation to fracture of 160% with maximum hardness value.