<p>Using V–Ta–Cr–Zr system alloys, a study was carried out of the influence of the main phase-forming elements concentration on the features of the structural-phase state and the level of strength properties after various modes of thermomechanical treatment. It has been established that only part of the second phase, represented by the smallest nano-sized particles, is involved into dispersion strengthening and the effects associated with it. The transformation of the structural-phase state under the selected thermomechanical treatment conditions ensures high efficiency of dispersion plus substructural strengthening, which, in turn, helps to increase the strength of the alloy while maintaining a high level of ductility, both at room and at elevated temperatures. In addition, dispersity and volume-uniform distribution of stable ZrC-based particles released during thermomechanical treatment provide an increase in the thermal stability of the alloy due to the fixing of defect substructure elements by nanoparticles.</p>