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<p>Dermatological disorders remain among the most prevalent health conditions worldwide. There is a continuous search for alternative natural materials to mitigate the adverse effects of chemical treatments. Mucilage was extracted from Egyptian prickly pear (<i>Opuntia littoralis</i>) using two extraction methods. Microwave extraction increased the mucilage yield to 2.5%. Electron microscopy examination revealed a granular texture with a porous surface. In addition, the mucilage was able to retain water up to 4.49 ± 1.44&#xa0;g water/g of mucilage. Biologically, the mucilage extract exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial effects against skin lesion associated bacteria, with greater inhibitory activity observed against Gram-positive strains compared to Gram-negative bacteria. The mucilage also showed a selective in vitro cytotoxic effect, exerting a stronger effect on A375 melanoma cells (LC<sub>50</sub>=283.22 ± 0.01&#xa0;µg/mL) compared to healthy skin cells. Furthermore, at 5&#xa0;µg/mL, the extract enhanced in vitro wound closure and demonstrated moderate capacity to reduce DPPH free radicals, with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 43.23&#xa0;µg/mL. Chemical analysis via UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS tentatively annotated 47 putative compounds, including nitrogenous, phenolic constituents among others. Based on relative peak areas, the most abundant compounds were 2-acetoxy-4-pentadecylbenzoic acid (9.36%) and 2-amino-2-methylpropanoate (8.04%). This study represents the first comprehensive in vitro investigation of mucilage from Egyptian <i>O. littoralis</i>. The findings suggest that the mucilage may represent a promising candidate for dermatology-related research. However, these observations are limited to in vitro assays and do not imply clinical efficacy or therapeutic use.</p>

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Assessment of biological activities of Opuntia littoralis mucilage as an antimicrobial, anti-skin cancer, wound healing agent, and identification of its active compounds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Doaa S. Zaid,
  • Waleed Gamal El Din Fahmy,
  • Fatma Aly Ahmed

摘要

Dermatological disorders remain among the most prevalent health conditions worldwide. There is a continuous search for alternative natural materials to mitigate the adverse effects of chemical treatments. Mucilage was extracted from Egyptian prickly pear (Opuntia littoralis) using two extraction methods. Microwave extraction increased the mucilage yield to 2.5%. Electron microscopy examination revealed a granular texture with a porous surface. In addition, the mucilage was able to retain water up to 4.49 ± 1.44 g water/g of mucilage. Biologically, the mucilage extract exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial effects against skin lesion associated bacteria, with greater inhibitory activity observed against Gram-positive strains compared to Gram-negative bacteria. The mucilage also showed a selective in vitro cytotoxic effect, exerting a stronger effect on A375 melanoma cells (LC50=283.22 ± 0.01 µg/mL) compared to healthy skin cells. Furthermore, at 5 µg/mL, the extract enhanced in vitro wound closure and demonstrated moderate capacity to reduce DPPH free radicals, with an LC50 value of 43.23 µg/mL. Chemical analysis via UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS tentatively annotated 47 putative compounds, including nitrogenous, phenolic constituents among others. Based on relative peak areas, the most abundant compounds were 2-acetoxy-4-pentadecylbenzoic acid (9.36%) and 2-amino-2-methylpropanoate (8.04%). This study represents the first comprehensive in vitro investigation of mucilage from Egyptian O. littoralis. The findings suggest that the mucilage may represent a promising candidate for dermatology-related research. However, these observations are limited to in vitro assays and do not imply clinical efficacy or therapeutic use.