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<p>In this investigation, gallic acid (GA) and curcumin (Cur) were co-encapsulated into RGD-functionalized liposomes, denoted as GA-Cur-RFL. The synthesized liposomes were characterized, and their anticancer activity was assessed through MTT assays and annexin V/PI apoptosis kit assays conducted on PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed liposomes with a uniform morphology, approximately 100&#xa0;nm in size. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis further indicated a hydrodynamic size of 160.8 ± 2.3 for the liposomes. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the cytotoxicity of GA exhibited concentration and time dependency. Moreover, the results underscored that Cur significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of GA. Additionally, the functionalization of liposomes with RGD peptide was found to increase the cytotoxicity of liposomes containing both compounds compared to free drugs and drugs encapsulated into simple liposomes. Apoptosis assays yielded compelling results, showcasing a notable improvement in late apoptosis (20% late apoptosis) for GA-Cur-RFL in comparison to non-functionalized nanoliposomes and the free form of compounds (13.6% and 12% late apoptosis, respectively). These findings conclusively demonstrate that the co-administration and delivery of Cur and GA substantially amplify their cytotoxic effects. Importantly, the enhanced apoptosis induction by GA-Cur-RFL in PC-3 cells can be attributed to the RGD modification, facilitating increased cellular absorption of GA and Cur. These insights advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved and hold promise for the development of more effective and targeted cancer therapies.</p>

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Curcumin amplifies gallic acid efficacy via RGD functionalized liposomes on prostate cancer cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Reza Mahmoudi,
  • Maryam Tajali Ardakani,
  • Zahra Barmoudeh,
  • Shabnam Tariverdi,
  • Farzad Karimpour,
  • Hassan Bardania

摘要

In this investigation, gallic acid (GA) and curcumin (Cur) were co-encapsulated into RGD-functionalized liposomes, denoted as GA-Cur-RFL. The synthesized liposomes were characterized, and their anticancer activity was assessed through MTT assays and annexin V/PI apoptosis kit assays conducted on PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed liposomes with a uniform morphology, approximately 100 nm in size. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis further indicated a hydrodynamic size of 160.8 ± 2.3 for the liposomes. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the cytotoxicity of GA exhibited concentration and time dependency. Moreover, the results underscored that Cur significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of GA. Additionally, the functionalization of liposomes with RGD peptide was found to increase the cytotoxicity of liposomes containing both compounds compared to free drugs and drugs encapsulated into simple liposomes. Apoptosis assays yielded compelling results, showcasing a notable improvement in late apoptosis (20% late apoptosis) for GA-Cur-RFL in comparison to non-functionalized nanoliposomes and the free form of compounds (13.6% and 12% late apoptosis, respectively). These findings conclusively demonstrate that the co-administration and delivery of Cur and GA substantially amplify their cytotoxic effects. Importantly, the enhanced apoptosis induction by GA-Cur-RFL in PC-3 cells can be attributed to the RGD modification, facilitating increased cellular absorption of GA and Cur. These insights advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved and hold promise for the development of more effective and targeted cancer therapies.