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<p>Calcium hydroxide (CH) is widely utilized in endodontic treatments for pulpal capping, sealing root canals and inter-appointment intracanal medication. For decades, it has been unrivaled due to its antibacterial properties, promoting periapical tissue mineralization, and preventing internal resorption. <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> poses a major challenge to treatment success by resisting the chemomechanical interventions, eliciting apical periodontitis and recurring infection. Metal nanoparticles have gained increasing attention for their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Considered safe, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP) have been incorporated in cosmetics and the food industry. The green synthesis of TNP bestows further advantages such as environmental safety, cost-effectiveness and easier processing. This study aimed to produce TNP using pomegranate peel waste, and use it to coat CH to formulate a novel intracanal medicament (CH-TNP), and assess its antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and biosafety properties compared to TNP and CH alone. CH-TNP’s structure, verified through spectroscopic measurements, revealed pure, smooth spherical particles averaging 182&#xa0;nm in size, composed of calcium (8.66%), oxygen (70.14%) and titanium (21.9%). All samples showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, as well as <i>Candida albicans</i> yeast. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that <i>E.&#xa0;faecalis</i> biofilms on tooth roots were effectively eradicated by CH-TNP and CH, while TNP was less efficient. Human fibroblasts WI-38 cytotoxicity assessments using MTT assays yielded IC<sub>50</sub> values of 190.7, 162.3 and 691&#xa0;μg/ml for CH-TNP, TNP and CH, respectively, with all samples eliciting minimal inflammatory response in gingival tissue.</p>

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Evaluating antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and cytotoxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles-coated calcium hydroxide for intracanal use

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Khaled Beshr,
  • Hisham M. Elhalabi,
  • Heba Yehia

摘要

Calcium hydroxide (CH) is widely utilized in endodontic treatments for pulpal capping, sealing root canals and inter-appointment intracanal medication. For decades, it has been unrivaled due to its antibacterial properties, promoting periapical tissue mineralization, and preventing internal resorption. Enterococcus faecalis poses a major challenge to treatment success by resisting the chemomechanical interventions, eliciting apical periodontitis and recurring infection. Metal nanoparticles have gained increasing attention for their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Considered safe, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP) have been incorporated in cosmetics and the food industry. The green synthesis of TNP bestows further advantages such as environmental safety, cost-effectiveness and easier processing. This study aimed to produce TNP using pomegranate peel waste, and use it to coat CH to formulate a novel intracanal medicament (CH-TNP), and assess its antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and biosafety properties compared to TNP and CH alone. CH-TNP’s structure, verified through spectroscopic measurements, revealed pure, smooth spherical particles averaging 182 nm in size, composed of calcium (8.66%), oxygen (70.14%) and titanium (21.9%). All samples showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, as well as Candida albicans yeast. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that E. faecalis biofilms on tooth roots were effectively eradicated by CH-TNP and CH, while TNP was less efficient. Human fibroblasts WI-38 cytotoxicity assessments using MTT assays yielded IC50 values of 190.7, 162.3 and 691 μg/ml for CH-TNP, TNP and CH, respectively, with all samples eliciting minimal inflammatory response in gingival tissue.