Ginger-derived nanovesicles inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis

Breast cancer is a prevalent and life-threatening disease affecting women globally. Despite advances in cancer treatment, there is a pressing need for effective and low-toxicity anticancer agents. Recent research has highlighted the potential of nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from edible plants in modulating cell function and facilitating biomolecule transport between cells. Mounting evidences suggests the anticancer potential of nanovesicles derived various edible plants against different types of cancer. However, the potential of nanovesicles derived from ginger in treating breast cancer remains unexplored.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ginger derived nanovesicles (GiDNVs) on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). To accomplish our goal, we isolated nanovesicles from ginger using the differential centrifugation method and characterized their size and integrity by employing DLS and FESEM. Subsequently, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of these GiDNVs on breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that GiDNVs inhibited cancer cell proliferation in a dosage and time-dependent way. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyses and DAPI staining demonstrated that the anti-proliferative effect of GiDNVs was attributed to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, western blotting analysis showed that the apoptotic effect of GiDNVs on breast cancer cell was mainly mediated modulation by bcl-2, bax and caspase-3. This study contributes to the development of novel and effective anticancer agents with minimal toxicity. In nutstell these findings highlight the ability of GiDNVs as a novel and effective anti-cancerous agent for breast cancer treatment.