Chemical components, antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activity (in vitro, in silico and in vivo, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats) of extracts from Pathum Thani fragrant rice

Rice has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities and non-colored rice demonstrates the activities less potent than colored rice. Pathum Thani fragrant rice is new strain non-colored Thai rice that become highly consumed rice. Due to less potent activity, an increase in activity of the non-colored rice is needed to perform. Cereals are rich in active compounds and exhibit a number of activities. To verify whether combination with cereals could enhance the activities of the non colored rice, therefore this study was carried out to determine chemical components, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of ethanol extracts from Pathum Thani fragrant rice both individual and combination with cereals, compared to those from Black rice. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 32, 48, 63, and 66 chemicals in the ethanol extracts from Pathum Thani fragrant rice extract (PTRE), Pathum Thani fragrant rice extract combined with cereals (PTRCE), Black rice extract (BRE), and Black rice extract combined with cereals (BRCE), respectively. The docking study showed that 9-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, one of the predominant chemicals in the extracts interacted in the active site pocket of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. PTRE exhibited antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging activity and antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity, increasing body weight and serum insulin levels and reducing blood glucose levels in STZ diabetic rats. Interestingly, PTRCE exerted higher affective activities higher compared to PTRE. The results indicate that Pathum Thani fragrant rice can be enhanced the activities and developed as a therapeutic agent for management of free radical-related diseases and diabetes mellitus, by combination with cereals.