KASP marker-assisted breeding for begomovirus-resistant pumpkin hybrids: resistance validation and heterosis for yield and horticultural traits
摘要
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is severely affected by begomoviruses such as Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV), Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and their mixed infection (MI-Sq/To) causing significant yield losses. This study aimed to develop MI-Sq/To resistant F1 hybrids in pumpkin using marker-assisted selection (MAS) and evaluate them for virus resistance and horticultural characters. Forty begomovirus introgressed lines were screened for resistance using the KASP marker Cmo4018182 from which nineteen parents were selected and crossed (Resistant × resistant and resistant × susceptible) to generate twenty-nine F1 hybrids. The parents and hybrids were evaluated for virus resistance via marker screening and whitefly-mediated artificial inoculation. Hybrids H8 (P14×P22), H19 (P20×P14) and parents P1, P14, P20, P22 showed higher resistance with a percent disease index (PDI) below 25%. Thus, marker-trait association accuracy was 82.50% in lines and 86.20% in hybrids. Simultaneously, evaluation of hybrids and parents for eleven horticultural traits in rainy (2022) and spring (2023) seasons identified H8, H18, H20, H24 and H27 as promising hybrids combining resistance with earliness, yield and heterotic potential. The significant positive correlation of fruit yield with average fruit weight, vine length, number of fruits/vine, fruit diameter, peduncle length, petiole length and flesh thickness indicates the potential for enhancing yield by focusing on these specific traits. Overall, the study demonstrates the efficiency of MAS in rapid development of begomovirus resistant pumpkin hybrids in shorter duration conserving both labour and resources. However, conducting multi-location trials is imperative to affirm the commercial potential of these hybrids.