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<p>Abundant DNA tandem repeats (TRs) in plant genomes drive genome organization and evolution by inducing chromosomal rearrangements that influence gene expression, structure, and dysploidy-mediated speciation. <i>Senna</i>, a diverse genus of the family Fabaceae with multiple economic and medicinal applications, has varied morphological and ecological traits that present challenges for cytogenetics. We aimed to better understand the role of TRs in karyotype differentiation, relationships, and evolutionary trends within <i>Senna</i>. Comparative analysis of 11 species was conducted using fluorescence in situ hybridization with <i>Senna tora</i>-specific pre-labeled oligoprobes. Significant variations were found in the chromosomal locations and distribution of nine TRs presumed to have been influenced by polyploidy and dysploidy. All nine were present across the 11 species, with varying patterns and intensities. StoTR01_86 was a conserved marker in all species except <i>Senna reticulata</i>, whereas StoTR04_55 was exclusive to <i>Senna obtusifolia</i>. StoTR03_178 exhibited variable distribution patterns across different ploidy levels in <i>Senna</i> species, in pericentromeric regions of dysploid species, subtelomeric regions in diploids, and both regions in polyploids. The remaining TRs displayed diverse distributions and expression patterns relative to those observed in <i>S. tora</i>. TRs were more abundant in species with dysploid karyotypes, such as <i>Senna aciphylla</i> and <i>S. obtusifolia</i>, predominantly concentrated in pericentromeric regions, which are hotspots for chromosomal rearrangement. These findings highlight complex evolutionary dynamics and structural rearrangements within the <i>Senna</i> genus and provide insights into genome evolution and speciation.</p>

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Unraveling evolutionary dynamics in the Senna genus through PLOP-FISH analysis of DNA tandem repeats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Thi Hong Nguyen,
  • Hyun Hee Kim

摘要

Abundant DNA tandem repeats (TRs) in plant genomes drive genome organization and evolution by inducing chromosomal rearrangements that influence gene expression, structure, and dysploidy-mediated speciation. Senna, a diverse genus of the family Fabaceae with multiple economic and medicinal applications, has varied morphological and ecological traits that present challenges for cytogenetics. We aimed to better understand the role of TRs in karyotype differentiation, relationships, and evolutionary trends within Senna. Comparative analysis of 11 species was conducted using fluorescence in situ hybridization with Senna tora-specific pre-labeled oligoprobes. Significant variations were found in the chromosomal locations and distribution of nine TRs presumed to have been influenced by polyploidy and dysploidy. All nine were present across the 11 species, with varying patterns and intensities. StoTR01_86 was a conserved marker in all species except Senna reticulata, whereas StoTR04_55 was exclusive to Senna obtusifolia. StoTR03_178 exhibited variable distribution patterns across different ploidy levels in Senna species, in pericentromeric regions of dysploid species, subtelomeric regions in diploids, and both regions in polyploids. The remaining TRs displayed diverse distributions and expression patterns relative to those observed in S. tora. TRs were more abundant in species with dysploid karyotypes, such as Senna aciphylla and S. obtusifolia, predominantly concentrated in pericentromeric regions, which are hotspots for chromosomal rearrangement. These findings highlight complex evolutionary dynamics and structural rearrangements within the Senna genus and provide insights into genome evolution and speciation.