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<p>Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.), prized for its culinary, cosmetic, and medicinal uses, faces challenges such as climate change and resource-intensive farming. Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) offers a solution by optimizing growing conditions, particularly for producing large daughter corms essential for yield. This study investigated the impact of various light spectra—blue (B), red (R), and far-red (FR) combinations (1B:1R, 1B:1FR, 1B:2R:1FR, and 1R:1FR)—on saffron growth, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate biosynthesis genes (i.e., <i>CsSUS1</i>, <i>CsPhol</i>, <i>SBE</i>). Results showed that R and FR light enhanced leaf growth and photosynthesis but reduced underground biomass, while a balanced R and FR light increased daughter corm production. Molecular analysis indicated that FR light elevated soluble carbohydrates but decreased carbohydrate storage. The highest <i>CsSUS1</i> expression occurred under 1R:1FR light, whereas <i>CsPhol</i> and <i>SBE</i>, associated with starch biosynthesis, were upregulated under 1B:1R light. A strong correlation was observed between <i>CsSUS1</i> expression and soluble carbohydrate content. In summary, FR light promotes vegetative growth while reducing starch accumulation, resulting in smaller daughter corms. In contrast, R and B light enhance starch-related gene expression, increasing daughter corm size. These findings underscore the potential of light spectrum manipulation in CEA to optimize saffron corm production with minimal resource input.</p>

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Light spectrum modulation of corm development and starch biosynthesis in saffron (Crocus sativus L.): insights into CsSUS1, CsPhol, and SBE gene expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Shirin Moradi,
  • Moein Moosavi-Nezhad,
  • Seyed Alireza Salami,
  • Carsten Pedersen,
  • Nazim S. Gruda,
  • Sasan Aliniaeifard,
  • Mohsen Kafi

摘要

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), prized for its culinary, cosmetic, and medicinal uses, faces challenges such as climate change and resource-intensive farming. Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) offers a solution by optimizing growing conditions, particularly for producing large daughter corms essential for yield. This study investigated the impact of various light spectra—blue (B), red (R), and far-red (FR) combinations (1B:1R, 1B:1FR, 1B:2R:1FR, and 1R:1FR)—on saffron growth, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate biosynthesis genes (i.e., CsSUS1, CsPhol, SBE). Results showed that R and FR light enhanced leaf growth and photosynthesis but reduced underground biomass, while a balanced R and FR light increased daughter corm production. Molecular analysis indicated that FR light elevated soluble carbohydrates but decreased carbohydrate storage. The highest CsSUS1 expression occurred under 1R:1FR light, whereas CsPhol and SBE, associated with starch biosynthesis, were upregulated under 1B:1R light. A strong correlation was observed between CsSUS1 expression and soluble carbohydrate content. In summary, FR light promotes vegetative growth while reducing starch accumulation, resulting in smaller daughter corms. In contrast, R and B light enhance starch-related gene expression, increasing daughter corm size. These findings underscore the potential of light spectrum manipulation in CEA to optimize saffron corm production with minimal resource input.