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<p><i>Phytophthora cactorum</i> is a globally distributed soilborne phytopathogen that infects over 200 plant species, including several economically important crops. This study evaluated the virulence of four <i>P</i>. <i>cactorum</i> strains on two strawberry cultivars and peach plants, as well as the defense-eliciting effects of their zoospore germination fluid (SGF) and cell-free culture filtrate (CFCF). Among the strains tested, PC230601 was the most virulent, capable of infecting even non-wounded tissues, while PC151111 exhibited the least virulence. Additionally, ‘Kingsberry’ was highly susceptible compared to the ‘Seolhyang’ strawberry. Lesion development was higher in the stems than in the leaves in peach trees. SGF and CFCF from PC230601 elicited enhanced defense responses in strawberry and peach plants, while SGF from PC151111 induced consistent responses in both hosts. Gene expression analysis using semi-quantitative PCR revealed the differential upregulation of defense-related genes, including pathogenesis-related protein 1 (<i>PR1</i>), β-1,3-glucanase (<i>β-Glu</i>), manganese superoxide dismutase (<i>Mn-SOD</i>), and glutathione peroxidase (<i>GPX</i>), 24&#xa0;h after SGF and CFCF treatments. <i>β-Glu</i> expression was the highest, reaching up to 25-fold in peach and 90-fold in strawberry leaves, followed by <i>GPX</i> and <i>PR1</i>. These findings highlight the tissue- and host-specific virulence of <i>P</i>. <i>cactorum</i> and demonstrate the efficacy of SGF and CFCF as defense elicitors. Further research is required to isolate and characterize the active elicitors, explore their modes of action, and assess their potential for enhancing crop resistance against <i>P</i>. <i>cactorum</i>, contributing to the management of this disease during peach and strawberry production.</p>

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Spore germination fluid and cell-free culture filtrates from Phytophthora cactorum induce defense responses in Peach trees and Strawberry plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Srinivasan Ramalingam,
  • Zar Le Myint,
  • Ji Min Yun,
  • Soon Young Ahn,
  • Myeong Hyeon Nam,
  • Hae Keun Yun

摘要

Phytophthora cactorum is a globally distributed soilborne phytopathogen that infects over 200 plant species, including several economically important crops. This study evaluated the virulence of four P. cactorum strains on two strawberry cultivars and peach plants, as well as the defense-eliciting effects of their zoospore germination fluid (SGF) and cell-free culture filtrate (CFCF). Among the strains tested, PC230601 was the most virulent, capable of infecting even non-wounded tissues, while PC151111 exhibited the least virulence. Additionally, ‘Kingsberry’ was highly susceptible compared to the ‘Seolhyang’ strawberry. Lesion development was higher in the stems than in the leaves in peach trees. SGF and CFCF from PC230601 elicited enhanced defense responses in strawberry and peach plants, while SGF from PC151111 induced consistent responses in both hosts. Gene expression analysis using semi-quantitative PCR revealed the differential upregulation of defense-related genes, including pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1), β-1,3-glucanase (β-Glu), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), 24 h after SGF and CFCF treatments. β-Glu expression was the highest, reaching up to 25-fold in peach and 90-fold in strawberry leaves, followed by GPX and PR1. These findings highlight the tissue- and host-specific virulence of P. cactorum and demonstrate the efficacy of SGF and CFCF as defense elicitors. Further research is required to isolate and characterize the active elicitors, explore their modes of action, and assess their potential for enhancing crop resistance against P. cactorum, contributing to the management of this disease during peach and strawberry production.