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<p>Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) function as key calcium receptors involved in Ca<sup>2+</sup> signal transduction pathways. While the <i>CML</i> gene family has been identified in several plant species, a comprehensive analysis of this gene family in castor (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L.) has yet to be conducted. To elucidate the potential functions of castor <i>CMLs</i>, their physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved domain, protein motifs, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns under cold stress and in different tissues were examined. Specifically, in the castor genome, a total of 35 <i>RcCMLs</i> were identified and found to be unevenly distributed across 9 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified these <i>RcCMLs</i> into 7 distinct groups, and analysis of conserved motifs and gene structure demonstrated the relatively conserved structural features of certain <i>RcCMLs</i> within the same group. Furthermore, collinearity analysis revealed that segmental duplications played a major role in <i>RcCML</i> gene expansion, also indicating a closer evolutionary relationship between castor and dicotyledonous plants. Additionally, Cis-acting element prediction revealed the presence of elements related to growth and development, light response, hormone response, and abiotic stress responses in promoters of <i>RcCML</i>. Moreover, differential expression of some <i>RcCMLs</i> (<i>RcCML5</i>, <i>RcCML6</i>, <i>RcCML13</i>, <i>RcCML16</i>, <i>RcCML18</i>, <i>RcCML20</i>, <i>RcCML30</i>, and <i>RcCML31</i>) was observed under cold stress, with <i>RcCML13</i> and <i>RcCML20</i> showing increased expression levels with prolonged cold treatment. The expression profile of <i>RcCMLs</i> across various tissues revealed that <i>RcCML4</i> and <i>RcCML30</i> exhibited significantly elevated transcription levels in male flowers compared to other <i>RcCML</i> genes, suggesting their potential involvement in male flower development. This study offers valuable insights into the regulatory roles of <i>RcCMLs</i> in growth, development, and cold stress responses in castor plants.</p>

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Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月11日

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  • Xue Ding,
  • Mengdi Sun,
  • Nan Wang,
  • Yuan Zhang,
  • Hongyan Huo,
  • Hui Xu,
  • Xiumin Yu,
  • Lei Liu,
  • Yuqian Wang,
  • Jixing Zhang,
  • Xiaoyu Wang

摘要

Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) function as key calcium receptors involved in Ca2+ signal transduction pathways. While the CML gene family has been identified in several plant species, a comprehensive analysis of this gene family in castor (Ricinus communis L.) has yet to be conducted. To elucidate the potential functions of castor CMLs, their physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved domain, protein motifs, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns under cold stress and in different tissues were examined. Specifically, in the castor genome, a total of 35 RcCMLs were identified and found to be unevenly distributed across 9 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified these RcCMLs into 7 distinct groups, and analysis of conserved motifs and gene structure demonstrated the relatively conserved structural features of certain RcCMLs within the same group. Furthermore, collinearity analysis revealed that segmental duplications played a major role in RcCML gene expansion, also indicating a closer evolutionary relationship between castor and dicotyledonous plants. Additionally, Cis-acting element prediction revealed the presence of elements related to growth and development, light response, hormone response, and abiotic stress responses in promoters of RcCML. Moreover, differential expression of some RcCMLs (RcCML5, RcCML6, RcCML13, RcCML16, RcCML18, RcCML20, RcCML30, and RcCML31) was observed under cold stress, with RcCML13 and RcCML20 showing increased expression levels with prolonged cold treatment. The expression profile of RcCMLs across various tissues revealed that RcCML4 and RcCML30 exhibited significantly elevated transcription levels in male flowers compared to other RcCML genes, suggesting their potential involvement in male flower development. This study offers valuable insights into the regulatory roles of RcCMLs in growth, development, and cold stress responses in castor plants.