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<p>Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important growth-limiting factor in plants. Al uptake and transport in cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i>) plants are not yet completely understood. This study was carried out to examine the extent of phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> on <i>C. sativus</i>. The effect of Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was examined at 4 different concentrations: 0 (untreated), 500, 1000 and 1500 µM in Hoagland’s solution. <i>C. sativus</i> under Al toxicity showed dramatic loss in biomass, reduced root volume and length, and developed few yellow patches on their leaves. Furthermore, chlorophyll content decreased as the concentration of Al increased up to 1000 µM. Cell membrane integrity of roots was reduced, and there was an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the shoots and roots of treated plants as compared to the untreated ones. In the shoot samples, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) increased significantly at 1000 and 1500 µM Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, while catalase (CAT) increased significantly only at 1500 µM Al. In the root samples, GPX and CAT increased significantly at all the Al levels. Al was highly accumulated and localized in the root tips of the treated plants. The increased antioxidant activity was correlated with higher transcript accumulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) in the Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> treatment. Additionally, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis demonstrated the genotoxic effects of Al treatment on <i>C. sativus</i>. Overall, this study confirmed the negative effect of Al on <i>C. sativus</i> at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.</p>

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Aluminum induced physiochemical alterations, genotoxic effects, and gene expression changes in hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月26日

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  • Kareem A. Mosa,
  • Kalidoss Ramamoorthy,
  • Attiat Elnaggar,
  • Kundan Kumar,
  • Rabiant A. Sultan,
  • Sana M. Sabbagh,
  • Sara M. Alnaqbi,
  • Sarah Y. Kamal

摘要

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important growth-limiting factor in plants. Al uptake and transport in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants are not yet completely understood. This study was carried out to examine the extent of phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Al2(SO4)3 on C. sativus. The effect of Al2(SO4)3 was examined at 4 different concentrations: 0 (untreated), 500, 1000 and 1500 µM in Hoagland’s solution. C. sativus under Al toxicity showed dramatic loss in biomass, reduced root volume and length, and developed few yellow patches on their leaves. Furthermore, chlorophyll content decreased as the concentration of Al increased up to 1000 µM. Cell membrane integrity of roots was reduced, and there was an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the shoots and roots of treated plants as compared to the untreated ones. In the shoot samples, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) increased significantly at 1000 and 1500 µM Al2(SO4)3, while catalase (CAT) increased significantly only at 1500 µM Al. In the root samples, GPX and CAT increased significantly at all the Al levels. Al was highly accumulated and localized in the root tips of the treated plants. The increased antioxidant activity was correlated with higher transcript accumulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) in the Al2(SO4)3 treatment. Additionally, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis demonstrated the genotoxic effects of Al treatment on C. sativus. Overall, this study confirmed the negative effect of Al on C. sativus at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.