<p>Tuberculosis is one of the leading challenges for global health, it occurs throughout the world at a varying incidence rate. India, among Asian countries, faces the most significant burden of tuberculosis, with it being a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Evaluating its burden in relevance to vulnerable population can help in developing appropriate control measures. Hence, this study aims to assess the influence of socio-economic vulnerability and other contributing factors on the risk of tuberculosis. A multilevel logistic regression model is used to assess the risk and its variance partition at multiple levels such as individual, district and state. Data used for the study are obtained from the household file of National Family Health Survey – 5. Bihar, Kerala and a set of north-eastern states are having the highest burden of tuberculosis. Living Standard, Household Composition, Health and Resource Accessibility, and Infrastructure and Sanitation are identified as the four latent variables of socio-economic vulnerability and they have significant odds ratio (OR: 0.73, 0.97, 0.99, 1.04) for the risk of tuberculosis respectively. In the final model, it is observed that district level variation (10%) is higher than state level variation (5%). Results of the study suggest that knowledge about the varying socio-economic vulnerability is important for eliminating tuberculosis and multilevel models can give a better understanding of infectious diseases and capture their geographical variations.</p>