Not in my leisure area! Trans-local resistance to mining and mineral exploration in Finland related to tourism and second homes
摘要
‘Not in my backyard’ (NIMBY) is a well-known phenomenon related to opposition manifested by residents against any proposed development project. In parallel to this, Finland has seen the development of a new phenomenon of resistance related to tourism and second homes alleged to be threatened by any proposed project. The phenomenon is termed ‘not in my leisure area’ (NIMLA). It was initially mentioned in connection with wind farms, mining, and mineral exploration projects in regions with tourism destinations and second homes in northern Finland. However, following the green energy transition and its associated battery minerals boom, it has recently expanded to the lake regions of central, southern, southeastern, and eastern Finland. This paper defines NIMLA and describes it through concrete cases related to mining and mineral exploration disputes in the mentioned contexts in Finland. NIMLA disputes imply an important role for second homeowners, tourists, and tourist entrepreneurs as critical mining industry stakeholders who can also ally with environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs). Most second homeowners are residents of the Uusimaa Province in southern Finland, which is the most anti-mining region in Finland. Through the second home culture and tourism, this anti-mining attitude has spread throughout the country and may influence local mining debates in second home localities and tourism destinations. In this way, such wealthy temporary residents may wish to influence which livelihoods are allowed in such municipalities but without considering local needs and public interest.