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<p>Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is often viewed less favourably than large-scale mining (LSM) due to its low-technology operations, illegality, reliance on child and women labour, and associated challenges that hinder the recognition of its economic contribution. However, there are few studies highlighting the issues associated with ASM activities. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the current issues on ASM from 2020 to 2024 through a systematic literature review (SLR). Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), the study reviewed 75 articles from 30 countries on the issues associated with ASM activities, covering six minerals. The findings revealed several major issues concerning ASM, consisting of human resource challenges (38.5%), marketing (23.1%), political issues (15.4%), environmental concerns (15.4%), and technological aid (7.6%). This study could hopefully encourage relevant governments and policymakers to consider the importance of ASM in national economic growth and provide the sector with necessary assistance, especially on the human resources issues faced by ASM miners.</p>

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Artisanal and small-scale mining challenges and trends: A PRISMA-based systematic review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Siti Noraishah Ismail,
  • Nurliyana Moh Hussin,
  • Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa,
  • Tofan Agung Eka Prasetya,
  • Herman Bagus Dwicahyo,
  • Mochammad Sholehhudin,
  • Azizan Ramli

摘要

Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is often viewed less favourably than large-scale mining (LSM) due to its low-technology operations, illegality, reliance on child and women labour, and associated challenges that hinder the recognition of its economic contribution. However, there are few studies highlighting the issues associated with ASM activities. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the current issues on ASM from 2020 to 2024 through a systematic literature review (SLR). Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), the study reviewed 75 articles from 30 countries on the issues associated with ASM activities, covering six minerals. The findings revealed several major issues concerning ASM, consisting of human resource challenges (38.5%), marketing (23.1%), political issues (15.4%), environmental concerns (15.4%), and technological aid (7.6%). This study could hopefully encourage relevant governments and policymakers to consider the importance of ASM in national economic growth and provide the sector with necessary assistance, especially on the human resources issues faced by ASM miners.