<p>Coalbed methane is an unconventional natural gas trapped in coal seams that is becoming more important to India’s energy security and economic growth. Since the earliest discoveries of CBM, this natural gas form has witnessed ever-increasing demands from the core sectors of the economy. This study investigates the many aspects of CBM development in India, concentrating on geological formation, extraction issues, and socioeconomic ramifications. The study covers technical issues such as complex geological conditions, limited permeability, and environmental concerns. The regulatory environment for CBM in India has changed for encourages exploration via competitive bidding and incentives. Socioeconomic advantages include increased job creation, infrastructure development, and energy self-sufficiency. However, careful monitoring of environmental sustainability is required. Ongoing research and development activities seek to enhance extraction processes while reducing environmental effect. CBM has the ability to accelerate India’s shift to greener energy while also supporting regional development by overcoming technological, regulatory, and sociological hurdles.</p>