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<p><i>Justicia achatina</i> (Myrtaceae) plant produces a large amount of potential therapeutic phytochemicals. This study analysed the phytochemical composition and biological activities of the ethanolic floral extract of <i>Justicia adhatoda</i> (<i>Jafeth</i>). Phytochemical analysis confirmed high content of phenolics, flavonoids, supported by HPLC profiling, revealed that gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, and rutin are key constituents. <i>Jafeth</i> exhibited potent antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀: 14.21&#xa0;µg/mL and metal-chelating IC₅₀: 5.57&#xa0;µg/mL) and effectively protected plasmid DNA from oxidative damage. <i>Jafeth</i> showed moderate antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i>, and selective antifungal activity against <i>Penicillium</i> and lower inhibition of <i>Rhizopus. Jafeth</i> selectively inhibits HeLa cell proliferation (GI<sub>50</sub> 64.31&#xa0;µg/mL) while sparing normal cells and inducing apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, as confirmed by upregulation of p53, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Cytochrome C. This study is among the first to characterize the bioactive profile and anticancer potential of <i>J. adhatoda</i> flowers, highlighting their promise as a novel source of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and pro-apoptotic agents for potential therapeutic applications, especially in cervical cancer.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Justicia adhatoda floral ethanolic extract exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial, and apoptosis-inducing effects in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Ishita Sharma,
  • Jagdeep Kumar,
  • Jiten Yadav,
  • Nishtha Paul,
  • Ajay Kumar,
  • Lovely,
  • Richa Mittal

摘要

Justicia achatina (Myrtaceae) plant produces a large amount of potential therapeutic phytochemicals. This study analysed the phytochemical composition and biological activities of the ethanolic floral extract of Justicia adhatoda (Jafeth). Phytochemical analysis confirmed high content of phenolics, flavonoids, supported by HPLC profiling, revealed that gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, and rutin are key constituents. Jafeth exhibited potent antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀: 14.21 µg/mL and metal-chelating IC₅₀: 5.57 µg/mL) and effectively protected plasmid DNA from oxidative damage. Jafeth showed moderate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus salivarius, and selective antifungal activity against Penicillium and lower inhibition of Rhizopus. Jafeth selectively inhibits HeLa cell proliferation (GI50 64.31 µg/mL) while sparing normal cells and inducing apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, as confirmed by upregulation of p53, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Cytochrome C. This study is among the first to characterize the bioactive profile and anticancer potential of J. adhatoda flowers, highlighting their promise as a novel source of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and pro-apoptotic agents for potential therapeutic applications, especially in cervical cancer.

Graphical Abstract