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<p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is a staple food crop highly sensitive to abiotic stresses, particularly during the early seedling stage. Evaluating rice tolerance at this phase offers a critical strategy for mitigating the impact of abiotic stress. We hypothesized that the constitutive metabolite content within the seed may confer tolerance to stress by enhancing seedling vigour traits. This study evaluated 13 rice genotypes under four different environments (control, salinity, drought, and high temperature). The analysis began with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on 17 traits, which consistently identified four most contributing traits: Final Germination Percentage (FGP), root to shoot ratio length (RtSTRatioLen), shoot length (StLen), and total length (ToLen). The total variance contributed by the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) was substantial: 50.9%, 51.8%, and 53.6% for salinity, drought, and heat, respectively. Subsequent AMMI and GGE biplots confirmed highly significant Genotype × Environment Interaction (GEI). FGP contributed 64.9% and 21.4% towards the GEI through IPCA1 and IPCA2, respectively; StLen contributed 70.6% and 22.1%; RtStRatioLen 54.7% and 33.8%; and ToLen 50.7% and 37%. Based on the overall ranking of genotypes, the most ideal genotypes for FGP were Nagina 22, Pokkali, and Sahbhagi Dhan. Pokkali, Swarna Sub1, and Nona Bokra performed best for RtStRatioLen, while ADT43, ADT46, and KKL(R)1 showed high performance for shoot length and total length. Notably, the seeds of these ideal genotypes demonstrated significantly higher constitutive secondary metabolite content than other genotypes. These findings support the association that high seed secondary metabolite content is consistent with enhanced early seedling stress tolerance in the rice genotypes.</p>

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Seed-derived secondary metabolites as a basis for abiotic stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) during early seedling development: a comprehensive analysis using AMMI and GGE biplots

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • G. Andonissamy Daniel,
  • S. Nadaradjan,
  • C. Kusumanjali,
  • K. Pravallika,
  • S. Priyadarshini,
  • R. Ranjithkumar

摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop highly sensitive to abiotic stresses, particularly during the early seedling stage. Evaluating rice tolerance at this phase offers a critical strategy for mitigating the impact of abiotic stress. We hypothesized that the constitutive metabolite content within the seed may confer tolerance to stress by enhancing seedling vigour traits. This study evaluated 13 rice genotypes under four different environments (control, salinity, drought, and high temperature). The analysis began with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on 17 traits, which consistently identified four most contributing traits: Final Germination Percentage (FGP), root to shoot ratio length (RtSTRatioLen), shoot length (StLen), and total length (ToLen). The total variance contributed by the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) was substantial: 50.9%, 51.8%, and 53.6% for salinity, drought, and heat, respectively. Subsequent AMMI and GGE biplots confirmed highly significant Genotype × Environment Interaction (GEI). FGP contributed 64.9% and 21.4% towards the GEI through IPCA1 and IPCA2, respectively; StLen contributed 70.6% and 22.1%; RtStRatioLen 54.7% and 33.8%; and ToLen 50.7% and 37%. Based on the overall ranking of genotypes, the most ideal genotypes for FGP were Nagina 22, Pokkali, and Sahbhagi Dhan. Pokkali, Swarna Sub1, and Nona Bokra performed best for RtStRatioLen, while ADT43, ADT46, and KKL(R)1 showed high performance for shoot length and total length. Notably, the seeds of these ideal genotypes demonstrated significantly higher constitutive secondary metabolite content than other genotypes. These findings support the association that high seed secondary metabolite content is consistent with enhanced early seedling stress tolerance in the rice genotypes.