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<p>Heavy metals, particularly chromium (Cr), pose a serious threat to sustainable agriculture due to their persistence in ecosystems and toxicity to living organisms. Cluster bean (<i>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</i> (L.) Taub.), a drought-tolerant legume of significant agronomic and industrial importance, is highly susceptible to Cr-induced stress. In the present study, a Cr-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) strain, RU-N-03, was evaluated for its potential to mitigate Cr stress in cluster bean. Growth parameters, biochemical attributes, antioxidative enzyme activities, and Cr accumulation were assessed in Cr-stressed plants as well as in Cr-stressed plants inoculated with the PGPR. Molecular identification based on 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the strain to be <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>. Inoculation with <i>B. licheniformis</i> significantly alleviated the adverse effects of Cr on cluster bean growth and biomass. The treatment also reduced membrane damage while enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes (APX, CAT, GPX, GR, and POD), thereby improving plant tolerance to oxidative stress. These findings highlight the potential of <i>B. licheniformis</i> as an efficient Cr-tolerant PGPR for mitigating heavy metal stress and enhancing the growth and resilience of cluster bean. This study provides a promising biotechnological approach toward sustainable crop production in Cr-contaminated soils.</p>

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Chromium-tolerant plant growth promoting Rhizobacterium Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates chromium toxicity in cluster bean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Neetu Kholiya,
  • Jyotsana Bhati,
  • Indu Singh Sankhla,
  • Anil Kumar

摘要

Heavy metals, particularly chromium (Cr), pose a serious threat to sustainable agriculture due to their persistence in ecosystems and toxicity to living organisms. Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a drought-tolerant legume of significant agronomic and industrial importance, is highly susceptible to Cr-induced stress. In the present study, a Cr-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) strain, RU-N-03, was evaluated for its potential to mitigate Cr stress in cluster bean. Growth parameters, biochemical attributes, antioxidative enzyme activities, and Cr accumulation were assessed in Cr-stressed plants as well as in Cr-stressed plants inoculated with the PGPR. Molecular identification based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the strain to be Bacillus licheniformis. Inoculation with B. licheniformis significantly alleviated the adverse effects of Cr on cluster bean growth and biomass. The treatment also reduced membrane damage while enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes (APX, CAT, GPX, GR, and POD), thereby improving plant tolerance to oxidative stress. These findings highlight the potential of B. licheniformis as an efficient Cr-tolerant PGPR for mitigating heavy metal stress and enhancing the growth and resilience of cluster bean. This study provides a promising biotechnological approach toward sustainable crop production in Cr-contaminated soils.