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<p><i>Citrus tristeza virus</i>&#xa0;(CTV), an aphid-transmitted closterovirus, is a major problem causing decline of Khasi mandarin (KM) (<i>Citrus reticulata</i>) in Northeast (NE) India. This crop is one of the most important commercial fruit crops in NE India. Traditional&#xa0;management practices, lack of resistance to CTV and&#xa0;difficulty in developing resistant cultivars have failed to protect this crop from citrus decline. Mild strain cross protection (MSCP) or&#xa0;super infection exclusion (SIE) could be the only means to protect plants from severe CTV infection. Efforts have been made to identify mild cross protecting strain (MCPS) in KM analyzing 12 Indian CTV isolates based on&#xa0;in silico&#xa0;nucleotide sequence and codon usage biasness (CUB) analysis of coat protein (CP) gene and biological indexing. Most of these present isolates were severe and/or atypical type based on CUB analysis except the isolates K10, MB3 and Mnp1, those were detected as mild isolates as they showed lower&#xa0;ENc values similar to CTV mild strain T30 resulting in higher codon biasness. As SIE occurs between genetically related strains, the CUB-based mild strains were subjected to phylogenetic analysis to find out the genetic relatedness with severe CTV strains.&#xa0;The isolates MB3 and Mnp1 were closely related with severe CTV strain VT by 98% nt identity. K10 is genetically distant from VT but closely related with some other Indian isolates.&#xa0;Biological indexing showed that these mild isolates&#xa0;produced no visible symptoms on KM and Rough Lemon, but mild vein clearing in Kagzi lime and slight poor growth in Mosambi sweet orange indicates that isolates&#xa0;K10, MB3 and Mnp1 could be true mild CTV strains for cross protection in citrus.</p>

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Identification of mild cross protecting virus strain for management of citrus decline of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata) caused by Citrus tristeza virus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Shaivya Singh,
  • Halima Khatoon,
  • Lalit P. Patil,
  • Bharat Raj Meena,
  • Marimuthu Elangovan,
  • Susheel K. Sharma,
  • Radha M. Sharma,
  • Anirban Roy,
  • Kajal Kumar Biswas

摘要

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), an aphid-transmitted closterovirus, is a major problem causing decline of Khasi mandarin (KM) (Citrus reticulata) in Northeast (NE) India. This crop is one of the most important commercial fruit crops in NE India. Traditional management practices, lack of resistance to CTV and difficulty in developing resistant cultivars have failed to protect this crop from citrus decline. Mild strain cross protection (MSCP) or super infection exclusion (SIE) could be the only means to protect plants from severe CTV infection. Efforts have been made to identify mild cross protecting strain (MCPS) in KM analyzing 12 Indian CTV isolates based on in silico nucleotide sequence and codon usage biasness (CUB) analysis of coat protein (CP) gene and biological indexing. Most of these present isolates were severe and/or atypical type based on CUB analysis except the isolates K10, MB3 and Mnp1, those were detected as mild isolates as they showed lower ENc values similar to CTV mild strain T30 resulting in higher codon biasness. As SIE occurs between genetically related strains, the CUB-based mild strains were subjected to phylogenetic analysis to find out the genetic relatedness with severe CTV strains. The isolates MB3 and Mnp1 were closely related with severe CTV strain VT by 98% nt identity. K10 is genetically distant from VT but closely related with some other Indian isolates. Biological indexing showed that these mild isolates produced no visible symptoms on KM and Rough Lemon, but mild vein clearing in Kagzi lime and slight poor growth in Mosambi sweet orange indicates that isolates K10, MB3 and Mnp1 could be true mild CTV strains for cross protection in citrus.