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<p>Melatonin, an indolic molecule, regulates various physiological processes in plants under stress. SNAT (serotonin N-acetyltransferase), the rate-limiting enzyme of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway, can regulate plant stress responses. However, the genomic distribution and characterization of <i>SNAT</i> and its response to abiotic stress conditions remain largely underexplored. This study focused on the genome-wide identification and characterization of <i>SNAT</i> genes in <i>G. hirsutum</i> and determining their roles in mediating responses to environmental stresses (drought, salinity and ABA) in drought-tolerant (Suraj) and drought-sensitive (L-799) varieties. Using in silico analysis, 52 <i>GhSNAT</i> genes were identified and characterized for their protein properties, gene structure, and domain architecture. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three distinct clades of SNAT proteins, highlighting significant variability in exon-intron structures and domain conservation. Expression analysis of <i>SNAT</i>s showed upregulation in most isoforms in Suraj under PEG-induced drought stress, corresponding to higher SNAT activity, melatonin content and better redox regulation, substantiating its role in drought tolerance. Contrastingly, the expression of most <i>SNAT </i><i>isoforms</i> was downregulated in L-799 under PEG stress, resulting in reduced activity, decreased melatonin content, and imbalanced redox homeostasis, further confirming its drought sensitivity. Moreover, of all the <i>SNAT</i>s with contrasting expressions between L-799 and Suraj under PEG stress, <i>GhSNAT2</i> exhibited the most pronounced differences, highlighting its significance under drought stress. Additionally, despite differential expression of <i>SNAT</i>s under salinity and ABA in both varieties, the striking differences observed under PEG stress indicate their responsiveness to drought stress. Overall, the study laid a foundation for further functional studies aimed at improving stress tolerance in cotton.</p>

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Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the SNAT gene family in Gossypium hirsutum L. under abiotic stresses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • Laha Supriya,
  • Deepika Dake,
  • Sharma Shreya,
  • Sumi Rana,
  • Woch Nyanthanglo,
  • Mehanathan Muthamilarasan,
  • Gudipalli Padmaja

摘要

Melatonin, an indolic molecule, regulates various physiological processes in plants under stress. SNAT (serotonin N-acetyltransferase), the rate-limiting enzyme of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway, can regulate plant stress responses. However, the genomic distribution and characterization of SNAT and its response to abiotic stress conditions remain largely underexplored. This study focused on the genome-wide identification and characterization of SNAT genes in G. hirsutum and determining their roles in mediating responses to environmental stresses (drought, salinity and ABA) in drought-tolerant (Suraj) and drought-sensitive (L-799) varieties. Using in silico analysis, 52 GhSNAT genes were identified and characterized for their protein properties, gene structure, and domain architecture. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three distinct clades of SNAT proteins, highlighting significant variability in exon-intron structures and domain conservation. Expression analysis of SNATs showed upregulation in most isoforms in Suraj under PEG-induced drought stress, corresponding to higher SNAT activity, melatonin content and better redox regulation, substantiating its role in drought tolerance. Contrastingly, the expression of most SNAT isoforms was downregulated in L-799 under PEG stress, resulting in reduced activity, decreased melatonin content, and imbalanced redox homeostasis, further confirming its drought sensitivity. Moreover, of all the SNATs with contrasting expressions between L-799 and Suraj under PEG stress, GhSNAT2 exhibited the most pronounced differences, highlighting its significance under drought stress. Additionally, despite differential expression of SNATs under salinity and ABA in both varieties, the striking differences observed under PEG stress indicate their responsiveness to drought stress. Overall, the study laid a foundation for further functional studies aimed at improving stress tolerance in cotton.