<p>In this paper, we are concerned with the Cauchy problem for the reaction-diffusion equation <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="160" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial _t u+t^\beta \mathcal {L} u= - h(t)u^p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msup> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> posed on <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, driven by the mixed local-nonlocal operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="140" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {L}=-\Delta +(-\Delta )^{\alpha /2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in (0,2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and supplemented with a nonnegative integrable initial data, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta \ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="142" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h:(0,\infty )\rightarrow (0,\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a locally integrable function. We study the large time behavior of non-negative solutions and show that the nonlinear term determines the large time asymptotic for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="152" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p\le 1+{\alpha }/{N(\beta +1)},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> while the classical/anomalous diffusion effects win if <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_417_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="152" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;1+{\alpha }/{N(\beta +1)}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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Decay of mass for a semilinear heat equation with mixed local-nonlocal operators

  • Mokhtar Kirane,
  • Ahmad Z. Fino,
  • Alaa Ayoub

摘要

In this paper, we are concerned with the Cauchy problem for the reaction-diffusion equation \(\partial _t u+t^\beta \mathcal {L} u= - h(t)u^p\) t u + t β L u = - h ( t ) u p posed on \(\mathbb {R}^N\) R N , driven by the mixed local-nonlocal operator \(\mathcal {L}=-\Delta +(-\Delta )^{\alpha /2}\) L = - Δ + ( - Δ ) α / 2 , \(\alpha \in (0,2)\) α ( 0 , 2 ) , and supplemented with a nonnegative integrable initial data, where \(p>1\) p > 1 , \(\beta \ge 0\) β 0 , and \(h:(0,\infty )\rightarrow (0,\infty )\) h : ( 0 , ) ( 0 , ) is a locally integrable function. We study the large time behavior of non-negative solutions and show that the nonlinear term determines the large time asymptotic for \(p\le 1+{\alpha }/{N(\beta +1)},\) p 1 + α / N ( β + 1 ) , while the classical/anomalous diffusion effects win if \(p>1+{\alpha }/{N(\beta +1)}.\) p > 1 + α / N ( β + 1 ) .