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<p>We fabricated Cu₂CoSnS₄ (CCTS) thin films using spray-coating with a dimethylformamide-based molecular ink, deposited at 100&#xa0;°C and 140&#xa0;°C, and annealed at 360&#xa0;°C in air. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the stannite structure, with improved crystallinity and fewer impurities at 140&#xa0;°C. The films show promise as non-toxic, sulfurization-free absorber layers for solar cells, with tunable optical and electrical properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed temperature-dependent shifts in chemical composition and oxidation states. These shifts indicate altered stoichiometry at higher temperatures. Morphological analyses through SEM and AFM showed increased grain size, improved uniformity, and enhanced surface roughness with higher deposition temperatures. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping confirmed uniform elemental distribution, with deviations from ideal stoichiometry observed at 140&#xa0;°C. Optical studies indicated a reduction in the band gap from 2.06&#xa0;eV at 100&#xa0;°C to 1.64&#xa0;eV at 140&#xa0;°C. The electrical measurements via Hall Effect show that all films exhibit a transition from p-type conductivity at 100&#xa0;°C (carrier concentration of 1.057 × 10<sup>1</sup>⁰ cm⁻<sup>3</sup>, mobility of 32.85 cm<sup>2</sup>/V.s, and resistivity of 8.994 × 10<sup>2</sup> Ω.cm) to n-type conductivity at 140&#xa0;°C (carrier concentration of -2.486 × 10⁶ cm⁻<sup>3</sup>, mobility of 80.26 cm<sup>2</sup>/V.s, and resistivity of 3.098 × 10<sup>4</sup> Ω.cm).These findings highlight the promise of CCTS films as environmentally friendly, sulfurization-free absorber layers for thin-film solar cells and optoelectronic applications, emphasizing the crucial role of deposition optimization in achieving enhanced material properties.</p>

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Molecular Ink Spray-Coated Cu2CoSnS4 Thin Films as Non-Toxic, Sulfurization-Free absorbers for Solar Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Souad Medina,
  • Asma Nezzari,
  • M’hamed Guezzoul,
  • Mariuca Gartner,
  • Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
  • Silviu Preda,
  • Atika Guendouz,
  • Septimiu Tripon,
  • Kouider Driss-khodja,
  • Abdelkader Nebatti Ech-Chergui,
  • Bouhalouane Amrani

摘要

We fabricated Cu₂CoSnS₄ (CCTS) thin films using spray-coating with a dimethylformamide-based molecular ink, deposited at 100 °C and 140 °C, and annealed at 360 °C in air. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the stannite structure, with improved crystallinity and fewer impurities at 140 °C. The films show promise as non-toxic, sulfurization-free absorber layers for solar cells, with tunable optical and electrical properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed temperature-dependent shifts in chemical composition and oxidation states. These shifts indicate altered stoichiometry at higher temperatures. Morphological analyses through SEM and AFM showed increased grain size, improved uniformity, and enhanced surface roughness with higher deposition temperatures. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping confirmed uniform elemental distribution, with deviations from ideal stoichiometry observed at 140 °C. Optical studies indicated a reduction in the band gap from 2.06 eV at 100 °C to 1.64 eV at 140 °C. The electrical measurements via Hall Effect show that all films exhibit a transition from p-type conductivity at 100 °C (carrier concentration of 1.057 × 101⁰ cm⁻3, mobility of 32.85 cm2/V.s, and resistivity of 8.994 × 102 Ω.cm) to n-type conductivity at 140 °C (carrier concentration of -2.486 × 10⁶ cm⁻3, mobility of 80.26 cm2/V.s, and resistivity of 3.098 × 104 Ω.cm).These findings highlight the promise of CCTS films as environmentally friendly, sulfurization-free absorber layers for thin-film solar cells and optoelectronic applications, emphasizing the crucial role of deposition optimization in achieving enhanced material properties.