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<p>This study investigates the impact of relativistic effects and light-matter interactions&#xa0;on quantum key distribution (QKD) security in satellite-based quantum communication systems. We use a spheroidal quantum dot (SQD) as a single-photon emitter integrated within a photonic waveguide in a relativistic quantum communication system, where both sender and receiver are in motion at velocities approaching a significant fraction of the speed of light. Our analysis employs a fully relativistic treatment of the SQD’s electronic structure, incorporating spin–orbit coupling. We examine the quantum bit error rate (QBER) under relativistic motion and various eavesdropping attack scenarios, including intercept-resend, cloning, and measurement device compromise attacks. Our findings indicate that relativistic effects introduce errors into the QKD system, modifying the polarization states of the transmitted photons. Our analysis reveals that relativistic effects induce a 12% decrease in secure key rate (SKR) at <i>v</i> /<i>c</i> = 0.5. Adversarial attacks further exacerbate SKR vulnerability, with the intercept-resend attack reducing SKR by 75%, the cloning attack by 40%, and the man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack by 95% at <i>v</i>/<i>c</i> = 0.8. Our simulations demonstrate that relativistic corrections and advanced cryptographic techniques are essential to ensure secure key transmission in satellite-based&#xa0;QKD&#xa0;networks.</p>

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Relativistic Effects and Quantum Light-Matter Interaction-induced Security Vulnerabilities in Integrated Quantum Key Distribution System using Spheroidal Quantum Dots as Single-Photon Emitters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Moses Udoisoh,
  • Okpara Nathaniel

摘要

This study investigates the impact of relativistic effects and light-matter interactions on quantum key distribution (QKD) security in satellite-based quantum communication systems. We use a spheroidal quantum dot (SQD) as a single-photon emitter integrated within a photonic waveguide in a relativistic quantum communication system, where both sender and receiver are in motion at velocities approaching a significant fraction of the speed of light. Our analysis employs a fully relativistic treatment of the SQD’s electronic structure, incorporating spin–orbit coupling. We examine the quantum bit error rate (QBER) under relativistic motion and various eavesdropping attack scenarios, including intercept-resend, cloning, and measurement device compromise attacks. Our findings indicate that relativistic effects introduce errors into the QKD system, modifying the polarization states of the transmitted photons. Our analysis reveals that relativistic effects induce a 12% decrease in secure key rate (SKR) at v /c = 0.5. Adversarial attacks further exacerbate SKR vulnerability, with the intercept-resend attack reducing SKR by 75%, the cloning attack by 40%, and the man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack by 95% at v/c = 0.8. Our simulations demonstrate that relativistic corrections and advanced cryptographic techniques are essential to ensure secure key transmission in satellite-based QKD networks.