Propagation Dynamics of Nonlinear Ion-Acoustic Waves in Multi-species Cometary Plasma with Kappa Distributed Electrons

The existence of small-amplitude ion-acoustic solitary waves is investigated in a cometary plasma with five components: hot solar electrons, cometary electrons that are slightly colder, kappa-described hydrogen ions, and positively and negatively charged oxygen ions. The reductive perturbation method is implemented on the basic set of equations to derive the generalized Gardner equation and the solitary wave solution is obtained. Employing the traveling wave transformation, the Gardner equation is deduced for the dynamical system and the bifurcation of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) is examined. The existence of several nonlinear trajectories, like homoclinic trajectories, quasi-periodic trajectories, and chaotic trajectories are confirmed by the notion of phase plane analysis, Poincare mapping, and Lyapunov exponents for IAWs. Finally, the numerical solutions are presented graphically, which provides a clear insight into the influence of physical parameters on wave propagation. This study could aid in the understanding of the propagation dynamics of ion-acoustic waves in cometary plasmas.