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Objectives <p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to pose a significant global health burden due to its increasing incidence. This study investigates the influence of diamond nanoparticles (NPs) on DNA interity and the expression of genes associated with apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29).</p> Methods <p>HT-29 cells were treated with various concentrations of diamond NPs over a 24-hour period. The effects on cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using MTT assay, real-time PCR, Western blotting, and Annexin V-PI staining.</p> Results <p>IC50 of diamond NPs was 20 μg/mL. Treatment with 10 μg/mL resulted in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced BrdU incorporation. Moreover, diamond NPs triggered DNA damage and upregulated the expression of proapoptotic genes including caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and p53, while downregulating antiapoptotic markers such as Bcl-2 and NF-κB. Morphological alterations and degradation of cellular components were also evident.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings support the potential application of diamond NPs in CRC therapy and pharmaceutical development.</p>

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Apoptosis induction via increasing the level of caspases 3/9 and oxidative stress in colon cancer cells exposed to diamond nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Vahab Jamali,
  • Golnaz Karbalaei Saleh,
  • Ali Bagherzadeh,
  • Mahdi Fakhrian,
  • Reyhaneh Rezaeishoorijeh,
  • Mohsen Kardani,
  • Fatemeh Naseri,
  • Ali Ghorbani Ranjbary

摘要

Objectives

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to pose a significant global health burden due to its increasing incidence. This study investigates the influence of diamond nanoparticles (NPs) on DNA interity and the expression of genes associated with apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29).

Methods

HT-29 cells were treated with various concentrations of diamond NPs over a 24-hour period. The effects on cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using MTT assay, real-time PCR, Western blotting, and Annexin V-PI staining.

Results

IC50 of diamond NPs was 20 μg/mL. Treatment with 10 μg/mL resulted in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced BrdU incorporation. Moreover, diamond NPs triggered DNA damage and upregulated the expression of proapoptotic genes including caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and p53, while downregulating antiapoptotic markers such as Bcl-2 and NF-κB. Morphological alterations and degradation of cellular components were also evident.

Conclusions

These findings support the potential application of diamond NPs in CRC therapy and pharmaceutical development.