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<p>Bisphenol S (BPS) is commonly used as a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA) in various products, yet it exhibits similar health risks. BPS has been shown to adversely affect estrogen receptors and disrupt hormonal balance, potentially leading to reproductive disorders. Human exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption, contributing to environmental pollution and endocrine system disruption. BPS has toxic effects in both male and female rats, as well as in humans, including reduced sperm density and reproductive complications. To mitigate human exposure, stringent regulations on BPS in food and beverage-related products are recommended. Further research is essential to fully elucidate BPS toxicity and to develop safer alternatives.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Bisphenol S-induced endocrine disruption and reproductive anomalies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Benish Nawaz,
  • Zaira Ahmad,
  • Hanan Afzal,
  • Kaleem Maqsood,
  • Abdul Manan Khan,
  • Zoya Asif,
  • Sabahat Javed,
  • Ali Afzal,
  • Afzal Nimra,
  • Muhammad Babar Khawar

摘要

Bisphenol S (BPS) is commonly used as a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA) in various products, yet it exhibits similar health risks. BPS has been shown to adversely affect estrogen receptors and disrupt hormonal balance, potentially leading to reproductive disorders. Human exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption, contributing to environmental pollution and endocrine system disruption. BPS has toxic effects in both male and female rats, as well as in humans, including reduced sperm density and reproductive complications. To mitigate human exposure, stringent regulations on BPS in food and beverage-related products are recommended. Further research is essential to fully elucidate BPS toxicity and to develop safer alternatives.

Graphical abstract