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Objectives <p>Due to the high toxicity of organic ultraviolet (UV) filters to aquatic organisms, their use has been restricted in personal care products, including sunscreens. However, the toxicity of UV filters on marine biota is currently unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of octocrylene (OCT), a representative UV filter, in the brackish water flea.</p> Methods <p>In this study, we examined the toxic effects of OCT on the survival, growth, and reproduction in <i>Diaphanosoma celebensis</i>. Subsequently, changes in energy reserves and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured. The transcriptional modulation of energy metabolism-, ecdysteroid signaling pathway-, and antioxidant-related genes was further investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p> Results <p>The 48-h median lethal concentrations (48-h LC<sub>50</sub>) of OCT were determined as 2.50&#xa0;mg/L. At the environmentally relevant concentrations, OCT showed no effects on reproduction and body length. However, SOD activity was significantly increased in all experimental groups, and the expression of <i>CAT</i> was up-regulated in groups exposed to OCT. In addition, significant changes in <i>AMPKs</i> and <i>EcR</i> genes were observed after exposure to OCT.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings suggest that while OCT shows acute toxicity at high concentrations, its chronic impact on the examined physiological endpoints remains minimal under the tested conditions. In addition, OCT may cause reproductive disorders by disrupting energy regulation and oxidative stress due to alterations in cellular redox balance, which in turn leads to a reduced survival rate.</p>

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Acute and chronic effects of octocrylene in brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Chaerin Park,
  • Je-Won Yoo,
  • Hyesung Lee,
  • Youn-Ha Lee,
  • Young-Mi Lee

摘要

Objectives

Due to the high toxicity of organic ultraviolet (UV) filters to aquatic organisms, their use has been restricted in personal care products, including sunscreens. However, the toxicity of UV filters on marine biota is currently unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of octocrylene (OCT), a representative UV filter, in the brackish water flea.

Methods

In this study, we examined the toxic effects of OCT on the survival, growth, and reproduction in Diaphanosoma celebensis. Subsequently, changes in energy reserves and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured. The transcriptional modulation of energy metabolism-, ecdysteroid signaling pathway-, and antioxidant-related genes was further investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The 48-h median lethal concentrations (48-h LC50) of OCT were determined as 2.50 mg/L. At the environmentally relevant concentrations, OCT showed no effects on reproduction and body length. However, SOD activity was significantly increased in all experimental groups, and the expression of CAT was up-regulated in groups exposed to OCT. In addition, significant changes in AMPKs and EcR genes were observed after exposure to OCT.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that while OCT shows acute toxicity at high concentrations, its chronic impact on the examined physiological endpoints remains minimal under the tested conditions. In addition, OCT may cause reproductive disorders by disrupting energy regulation and oxidative stress due to alterations in cellular redox balance, which in turn leads to a reduced survival rate.