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Objective <p>Cells death due to serum/glucose deprivation (SGD) in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line is a suitable model for the study of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. The peel of fruits and leaves of the plants are known as rich sources of antioxidants. The present study has been performed to investigate the potential protective effects of methanol extract and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of <i>Pistacia vera</i> on PC12 cells death induced by SGD.</p> Methods <p>PC12 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics (100 µg/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin). After transferring to 96-well plate, cells were pretreated with 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml of methanol extracts and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of <i>P. vera</i> for 24 h then exposed to SGD for 6 and 18 h. At the end, the cell survival rate and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both periods were evaluated using AlamarBlue® and 2’, 7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. Cellular apoptosis was evaluated using propidium iodide staining.</p> Results <p>Pretreatment with methanol extracts and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of <i>P. vera</i> (25, 50. 75 and 100 µg/ml) for 24 h did not show any cytotoxicity compared to control group. Besides, pretreatment with methanol extracts of peel of fruits and leaves (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml) and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves (75 and 100 μg/ml) for 24 h could significantly increase cell viability (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) in cells exposed to SGD for 6 h. Treatment with methanol extracts and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of <i>P. vera</i> (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml) could significantly decrease ROS production (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) in cells exposed to SGD for 6 h and at 75 and 100 µg/ml declined the percentage of apoptotic cells (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>According to the results, methanol extracts and essential oil of peel of fruits and leaves of <i>P. vera</i> could be a promising candidate for further evaluations in the progression of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases.</p>

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Evaluation of the protective effects of methanol extracts and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of Pistacia vera on serum/glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cells death

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月5日

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  • Seyed Ahmad Emami,
  • Mohammad Khashaey,
  • Elham Hadipour,
  • Azar Hosseini,
  • Zahra Tayarani-Najaran

摘要

Objective

Cells death due to serum/glucose deprivation (SGD) in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line is a suitable model for the study of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. The peel of fruits and leaves of the plants are known as rich sources of antioxidants. The present study has been performed to investigate the potential protective effects of methanol extract and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of Pistacia vera on PC12 cells death induced by SGD.

Methods

PC12 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics (100 µg/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin). After transferring to 96-well plate, cells were pretreated with 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml of methanol extracts and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of P. vera for 24 h then exposed to SGD for 6 and 18 h. At the end, the cell survival rate and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both periods were evaluated using AlamarBlue® and 2’, 7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. Cellular apoptosis was evaluated using propidium iodide staining.

Results

Pretreatment with methanol extracts and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of P. vera (25, 50. 75 and 100 µg/ml) for 24 h did not show any cytotoxicity compared to control group. Besides, pretreatment with methanol extracts of peel of fruits and leaves (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml) and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves (75 and 100 μg/ml) for 24 h could significantly increase cell viability (P < 0.001) in cells exposed to SGD for 6 h. Treatment with methanol extracts and essential oils of peel of fruits and leaves of P. vera (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml) could significantly decrease ROS production (P < 0.001) in cells exposed to SGD for 6 h and at 75 and 100 µg/ml declined the percentage of apoptotic cells (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

According to the results, methanol extracts and essential oil of peel of fruits and leaves of P. vera could be a promising candidate for further evaluations in the progression of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases.