Evaluation and efficacy of plant extracts in eradicating medically important mosquitoes: a review

Mosquitoes transmit quite a lot of deadly diseases, including chikungunya, brain fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, and Zika fever. Every year, mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of people. For that reason, mosquito control is vital for public health, especially in tropical countries. To manage mosquitoes, various synthetic chemicals are used, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Chemical management has a satisfactory effect on reducing mosquito populations, even though mosquito resistance and the presence of pesticide residues in the environment and the development of resistance in mosquito control tactics are crucial concerns. It is difficult to control whether an insecticide-resistant mosquito population causes to the reappearance of vector-borne diseases. In this emergency circumstance, we need to look for alternatives. Alternatively, plant-based phytochemicals are still more widely used for mosquito control programs, in terms of cost since they are efficient and economical, eco-friendly, safe for humans and the environment, and may be used as an effective alternative to chemical larvicides. The current state of data on phytochemical sources has variation in larvicidal activity according to mosquito species, instar specificity, the polarity of solvents used during extraction, the nature of the active ingredient, and promising advances made in biological control of mosquitoes by plant-derived reviewed in this article.