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Background <p>Diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) represents a significant subset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases and is associated with distinct metabolic disturbances, including alterations in iron metabolism. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, may be influenced by diabetes and CKD, yet its relationship with iron profile parameters in DCKD compared to non-diabetic CKD (NDCKD) remains unclear.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to investigate and compare the correlation between iron profiles and serum hepcidin levels in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients.</p> Methods <p>This observational study included 80 DCKD patients and 80 age- and gender-matched NDCKD patients. Serum hepcidin levels, iron profile parameters, glycemic control markers, and CKD stage were assessed. Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between serum hepcidin, iron profile parameters, and CKD stage in both groups.</p> Results <p>The mean age (± SD) for DCKD was 52.46 ± 7.95 years, and for NDCKD, it was 51.36 ± 9.64 years. In DCKD, 51.25% were female and 48.75% were male, while in NDCKD, 47.50% were female and 52.50% were male. Vitals and laboratory parameters including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories was comparable between the two groups. Iron profile levels were comparable among the two groups. 28.75% of individuals with DCKD and 31.25% with NDCKD fell within the normal range of hepcidin (1.49 to 41.6 ng/mL), while 71.25% of DCKD and 68.75% of NDCKD had elevated levels (&gt; 41.6 ng/mL) (<i>p</i> value = 0.73). Among total cases analyzed, 34.38% were classified as CKD stage 5, 26.25% as stage 4, 26.25% as stage 3, 12.50% as stage 2, and 0.63% as CKD stage 1. The distribution of CKD stages was similar between the DCKD and NDCKD groups (<i>p</i> value = 0.802). The correlation coefficient between serum hepcidin and serum iron was significantly stronger in DCKD patients (−0.764) compared to NDCKD patients (−0.23). The correlation between serum hepcidin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) was more pronounced in DCKD (−0.64) than in NDCKD (−0.285). Also, the correlation between serum hepcidin and serum ferritin was stronger in DCKD patients (0.708) compared to NDCKD patients (0.532). Significant associations between iron profile parameters and CKD stage were observed in both DCKD and NDCKD groups (<i>p</i> value &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>There is differential regulation of iron metabolism in DCKD compared to NDCKD, emphasizing the importance of considering diabetes status in evaluating iron homeostasis in CKD patients. Iron metabolism and hepcidin get significantly affected with increasing severity of CKD.</p>

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Correlation between hepcidin and iron profile in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease—an observational comparative study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Chirag Patel,
  • Vinod Chaitanya,
  • Himanshu Verma,
  • Amita Yadav,
  • Anandita Gaur,
  • Piyush Prabha Singh,
  • Sourabh Sharma

摘要

Background

Diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) represents a significant subset of chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases and is associated with distinct metabolic disturbances, including alterations in iron metabolism. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, may be influenced by diabetes and CKD, yet its relationship with iron profile parameters in DCKD compared to non-diabetic CKD (NDCKD) remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate and compare the correlation between iron profiles and serum hepcidin levels in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients.

Methods

This observational study included 80 DCKD patients and 80 age- and gender-matched NDCKD patients. Serum hepcidin levels, iron profile parameters, glycemic control markers, and CKD stage were assessed. Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between serum hepcidin, iron profile parameters, and CKD stage in both groups.

Results

The mean age (± SD) for DCKD was 52.46 ± 7.95 years, and for NDCKD, it was 51.36 ± 9.64 years. In DCKD, 51.25% were female and 48.75% were male, while in NDCKD, 47.50% were female and 52.50% were male. Vitals and laboratory parameters including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories was comparable between the two groups. Iron profile levels were comparable among the two groups. 28.75% of individuals with DCKD and 31.25% with NDCKD fell within the normal range of hepcidin (1.49 to 41.6 ng/mL), while 71.25% of DCKD and 68.75% of NDCKD had elevated levels (> 41.6 ng/mL) (p value = 0.73). Among total cases analyzed, 34.38% were classified as CKD stage 5, 26.25% as stage 4, 26.25% as stage 3, 12.50% as stage 2, and 0.63% as CKD stage 1. The distribution of CKD stages was similar between the DCKD and NDCKD groups (p value = 0.802). The correlation coefficient between serum hepcidin and serum iron was significantly stronger in DCKD patients (−0.764) compared to NDCKD patients (−0.23). The correlation between serum hepcidin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) was more pronounced in DCKD (−0.64) than in NDCKD (−0.285). Also, the correlation between serum hepcidin and serum ferritin was stronger in DCKD patients (0.708) compared to NDCKD patients (0.532). Significant associations between iron profile parameters and CKD stage were observed in both DCKD and NDCKD groups (p value < 0.05).

Conclusion

There is differential regulation of iron metabolism in DCKD compared to NDCKD, emphasizing the importance of considering diabetes status in evaluating iron homeostasis in CKD patients. Iron metabolism and hepcidin get significantly affected with increasing severity of CKD.