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Background <p>The sarcopenia is an important comorbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p> Objective <p>The present study evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia in T2DM patients and its association with diabetic complications.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in 157 T2DM patients aged over 40&#xa0;years. Demographic, biochemical, and clinical data were collected, including HbA1c, renal function, fundoscopic findings, neuropathy assessment, and electrocardiography. Microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) were assessed via fundoscopy, eGFR, and clinical tests, respectively, while macrovascular complications (ischemic heart disease [IHD]) were evaluated using ECG. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and Spearman’s correlation.</p> Results <p>Sarcopenia prevalence was 27.4%, with severe sarcopenia in 27.9% cases. Overall, 26.1% had retinopathy, 7.0% nephropathy, 17.2% neuropathy and 14% ischemic heart disease. Sarcopenic patients had high incidence of nephropathy (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and neuropathy (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) but not retinopathy or IHD compared to non-sarcopenic counterparts. Severe sarcopenia showed a trend toward neuropathy prevalence (<i>p</i> = 0.059). In gender-specific analyses, male patients with HbA1c &lt; 8% had higher retinopathy (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and IHD (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to those with HbA1c ≥ 8%. The longer diabetes duration (≥ 5&#xa0;years) and older age (50–60&#xa0;years) showed trends toward higher complication prevalence.</p> Conclusion <p>Sarcopenia was common among middle-aged T2DM patients and showed strong associations with nephropathy and neuropathy. Unexpectedly, male patients with lower HbA1c had more retinopathy and IHD, suggesting that HbA1c alone may not reliably predict complication risk.</p>

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Association of sarcopenia with vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Sanjay T. Thorat,
  • Virendra C. Patil

摘要

Background

The sarcopenia is an important comorbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective

The present study evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia in T2DM patients and its association with diabetic complications.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 157 T2DM patients aged over 40 years. Demographic, biochemical, and clinical data were collected, including HbA1c, renal function, fundoscopic findings, neuropathy assessment, and electrocardiography. Microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) were assessed via fundoscopy, eGFR, and clinical tests, respectively, while macrovascular complications (ischemic heart disease [IHD]) were evaluated using ECG. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and Spearman’s correlation.

Results

Sarcopenia prevalence was 27.4%, with severe sarcopenia in 27.9% cases. Overall, 26.1% had retinopathy, 7.0% nephropathy, 17.2% neuropathy and 14% ischemic heart disease. Sarcopenic patients had high incidence of nephropathy (p < 0.01) and neuropathy (p < 0.05) but not retinopathy or IHD compared to non-sarcopenic counterparts. Severe sarcopenia showed a trend toward neuropathy prevalence (p = 0.059). In gender-specific analyses, male patients with HbA1c < 8% had higher retinopathy (p < 0.05) and IHD (p < 0.05) compared to those with HbA1c ≥ 8%. The longer diabetes duration (≥ 5 years) and older age (50–60 years) showed trends toward higher complication prevalence.

Conclusion

Sarcopenia was common among middle-aged T2DM patients and showed strong associations with nephropathy and neuropathy. Unexpectedly, male patients with lower HbA1c had more retinopathy and IHD, suggesting that HbA1c alone may not reliably predict complication risk.