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Background <p>Proper foot self-care reduces the incidence of complications and the development of diabetic foot. However, many individuals with diabetes do not adequately care for their feet.</p> Objective <p>To estimate the prevalence of good foot self-care among patients with type 2 diabetes and explore the associations between foot self-care practices and sensory impairment, onychomycosis, and other related factors.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study included adults attending routine clinical appointments. Foot self-care practices were assessed, and their associations with distal sensory impairment, onychomycosis, physical limitations, and glycaemic control were analysed. It also compared self-care patterns between patients with diabetes alone and those with comorbidities. Odds ratios and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were used.</p> Results <p>A total of 655 participants (age: 62.8 ± 10.9&#xa0;years; diabetes duration: 12.6 ± 9.4&#xa0;years) were included. Overall, 47.5% reported engaging in good foot self-care practices. Sensory neuropathy (SN) and onychomycosis were found in 20.5% and 62.4% of patients, respectively. The key factors associated with proper foot drying in subjects with and without comorbidities included prior foot care education and the physical ability to reach one’s feet (AOR: 8.1 and AOR: 2.8, respectively). Among patients with diabetes, SN, and onychomycosis, a history of non-smoking was also significantly associated with this practice (AOR: 6.7).</p> Conclusion <p>Although patients are aware of recommended actions and daily practices, foot self-care remains inadequate in approximately half of them. Onychomycosis and/or SN are linked to distinct patterns of self-care behaviour. Therefore, individualised health education and ongoing supervision are crucial for supporting and addressing the factors that influence good foot self-care practices.</p>

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Influence of sensory impairment and onychomycosis in foot self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Francisco Javier Guzmán-de la Garza,
  • Guillermo Galeano-Guerra,
  • María Susana Cerino-Peñaloza,
  • María Fernanda Bertoni-Valles,
  • Hid Felizardo Cordero-Franco,
  • Ana María Salinas-Martínez,
  • Juan Manuel Ibarra-Hernández,
  • Nancy Elena Guzmán-Delgado,
  • Blanca Reyna Santiago-Jarquín

摘要

Background

Proper foot self-care reduces the incidence of complications and the development of diabetic foot. However, many individuals with diabetes do not adequately care for their feet.

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of good foot self-care among patients with type 2 diabetes and explore the associations between foot self-care practices and sensory impairment, onychomycosis, and other related factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included adults attending routine clinical appointments. Foot self-care practices were assessed, and their associations with distal sensory impairment, onychomycosis, physical limitations, and glycaemic control were analysed. It also compared self-care patterns between patients with diabetes alone and those with comorbidities. Odds ratios and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were used.

Results

A total of 655 participants (age: 62.8 ± 10.9 years; diabetes duration: 12.6 ± 9.4 years) were included. Overall, 47.5% reported engaging in good foot self-care practices. Sensory neuropathy (SN) and onychomycosis were found in 20.5% and 62.4% of patients, respectively. The key factors associated with proper foot drying in subjects with and without comorbidities included prior foot care education and the physical ability to reach one’s feet (AOR: 8.1 and AOR: 2.8, respectively). Among patients with diabetes, SN, and onychomycosis, a history of non-smoking was also significantly associated with this practice (AOR: 6.7).

Conclusion

Although patients are aware of recommended actions and daily practices, foot self-care remains inadequate in approximately half of them. Onychomycosis and/or SN are linked to distinct patterns of self-care behaviour. Therefore, individualised health education and ongoing supervision are crucial for supporting and addressing the factors that influence good foot self-care practices.