Unveiling the link between lifestyle risk factors and diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is recognized as a significant complication of diabetes and continues to be a prominent contributor to global blindness. Epidemiological investigations have pinpointed various lifestyle risk factors accountable for the onset and progression of DR. However, pinpointing the most influential factors is challenging due to variability in ethnic background, study design, and sample size in previous research.

In the present study, a systematic and comprehensive review was conducted to identify significant factors contributing to DR development. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 322 articles were screened, and six articles discussing various lifestyle factors were included.

Elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia), abnormal lipid profiles (dyslipidemia), high blood pressure (hypertension), and the duration of diabetes have been identified as the predominant lifestyle risk factors associated with the development and progression of DR. Furthermore, male gender was also linked to the occurrence of DR.

While gender is beyond control, the other identified factors associated with DR can be managed through improved eating habits and regular exercise. Future investigations should prioritize exploring the collective influence of these factors on the development and progression of DR.