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<p>The development of multifunctional wound dressings with combined mechanical strength and biological activity remains a major challenge in wound-care applications. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite films containing finely groundorange peel (OP) powder and linalool (Ln) were fabricated via solvent casting for potential wound dressing applications. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of OP and linalool into the TPU matrix, while morphological observations indicated improved filler dispersion after linalool incorporation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed reduced thermal stability upon modifier incorporation; however, degradation temperatures remained well above those required for processing and wound-healing applications. Mechanical testing demonstrated that OP significantly reinforced the matrix, increasing tensile strength from 5.20 to 9.84&#xa0;MPa and elongation at break from 443% to 598%. Further enhancement was achieved in the ternary TPU/OP/Ln film, yielding a tensile strength of 10.36&#xa0;MPa and an elongation of 706%. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed a remarkable improvement for the TPU/OP/Ln composite, achieving population reductions of 62.1% against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, 80.2% against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and 55.2% against <i>Candida albicans</i> relative to the control. Cytocompatibility studies using human skin fibroblasts (HSF) demonstrated dose-dependent responses, with both OP and Ln exhibiting high cytocompatibility and low cytotoxicity at biologically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, in vitro scratch assays showed that the TPU/OP/Ln matrix significantly accelerated cellular migration, achieving 78% wound closure within 48&#xa0;h. These findings indicate that the synergistic integration of OP powder and Ln produces a promising eco-friendly wound dressing candidate with enhanced mechanical performance and biological activity.</p>

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Linalool-enhanced polyurethane/orange peel composite films for improved mechanical and biological performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Heba Kandil,
  • Doaa S. Mahmoud,
  • Safaa Saleh,
  • Emad Tolba

摘要

The development of multifunctional wound dressings with combined mechanical strength and biological activity remains a major challenge in wound-care applications. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite films containing finely groundorange peel (OP) powder and linalool (Ln) were fabricated via solvent casting for potential wound dressing applications. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of OP and linalool into the TPU matrix, while morphological observations indicated improved filler dispersion after linalool incorporation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed reduced thermal stability upon modifier incorporation; however, degradation temperatures remained well above those required for processing and wound-healing applications. Mechanical testing demonstrated that OP significantly reinforced the matrix, increasing tensile strength from 5.20 to 9.84 MPa and elongation at break from 443% to 598%. Further enhancement was achieved in the ternary TPU/OP/Ln film, yielding a tensile strength of 10.36 MPa and an elongation of 706%. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed a remarkable improvement for the TPU/OP/Ln composite, achieving population reductions of 62.1% against Staphylococcus aureus, 80.2% against Escherichia coli, and 55.2% against Candida albicans relative to the control. Cytocompatibility studies using human skin fibroblasts (HSF) demonstrated dose-dependent responses, with both OP and Ln exhibiting high cytocompatibility and low cytotoxicity at biologically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, in vitro scratch assays showed that the TPU/OP/Ln matrix significantly accelerated cellular migration, achieving 78% wound closure within 48 h. These findings indicate that the synergistic integration of OP powder and Ln produces a promising eco-friendly wound dressing candidate with enhanced mechanical performance and biological activity.