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<p>The reliability of high-voltage transformer insulation relies on consistent performance. However, conventional mineral insulating oils’ poor biodegradability, high cost, and low fire safety pose significant challenges for transformer insulation, particularly at high voltages. This study examined the synthesis of sunflower oil incorporated with various nanofillers, and its impact on Thermal, Dielectric, and Breakdown strengths was investigated. The molecular structure change after the incorporation of the TiO₂ and TiO₂-coated SiO₂ (TiO₂@SiO₂) was assessed by FTIR analysis. The UV-visible spectroscopy validates the stability of the sunflower oil following the addition of nanofluids. Moreover, TiO₂@SiO₂ nanofluids exhibit greater light absorption compared to TiO₂. Viscosity results show that incorporating nanoparticles improves intermolecular interactions and interface resistance, resulting in higher viscosity compared to pure sunflower oil. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) investigation indicates that TiO₂@SiO₂ shows improved thermal decomposition due to strong Si-O-Ti bonds that enhance dispersion and increase thermal stability at high temperatures. The incorporation of nanoparticles significantly alters the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of sunflower oil. Thermal Stimulated Depolarization Current (TSDC) indicates that the trap energy level of sunflower oil remains mostly unaffected by the incorporation of nanoparticles, which constitutes a shallow trap. It was observed that the addition of TiO₂@ SiO₂ shows 13.5% improved DC breakdown strength and 9.06% PDIV in comparison to TiO₂ due to the core shell of SiO₂ on the surface of TiO₂ strengthening polarizability and serving as a protective layer that inhibits additional charge injection and reduces localized field distortion. The results obtained validate sunflower oil-based TiO₂@SiO₂ nanofluids as a viable biodegradable liquid insulation option for power transformer applications.</p>

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Enhancing thermal and dielectric properties of sunflower oil based TiO2 and TiO2 coated SiO2 nanofluids for improved transformer insulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Muhammad Zeeshan khan,
  • Hassan Ijaz Tarar,
  • Faisal Alsaif

摘要

The reliability of high-voltage transformer insulation relies on consistent performance. However, conventional mineral insulating oils’ poor biodegradability, high cost, and low fire safety pose significant challenges for transformer insulation, particularly at high voltages. This study examined the synthesis of sunflower oil incorporated with various nanofillers, and its impact on Thermal, Dielectric, and Breakdown strengths was investigated. The molecular structure change after the incorporation of the TiO₂ and TiO₂-coated SiO₂ (TiO₂@SiO₂) was assessed by FTIR analysis. The UV-visible spectroscopy validates the stability of the sunflower oil following the addition of nanofluids. Moreover, TiO₂@SiO₂ nanofluids exhibit greater light absorption compared to TiO₂. Viscosity results show that incorporating nanoparticles improves intermolecular interactions and interface resistance, resulting in higher viscosity compared to pure sunflower oil. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) investigation indicates that TiO₂@SiO₂ shows improved thermal decomposition due to strong Si-O-Ti bonds that enhance dispersion and increase thermal stability at high temperatures. The incorporation of nanoparticles significantly alters the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of sunflower oil. Thermal Stimulated Depolarization Current (TSDC) indicates that the trap energy level of sunflower oil remains mostly unaffected by the incorporation of nanoparticles, which constitutes a shallow trap. It was observed that the addition of TiO₂@ SiO₂ shows 13.5% improved DC breakdown strength and 9.06% PDIV in comparison to TiO₂ due to the core shell of SiO₂ on the surface of TiO₂ strengthening polarizability and serving as a protective layer that inhibits additional charge injection and reduces localized field distortion. The results obtained validate sunflower oil-based TiO₂@SiO₂ nanofluids as a viable biodegradable liquid insulation option for power transformer applications.