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<p>This study presents a green one-pot hydrothermal strategy to simultaneously convert passion fruit peel (PFP) waste into both fluorescent carbon dots (PFP-CDs) for Cr(VI) detection and biochar (PFP-BC) for Cr(VI) removal. The as-prepared blue-emitting PFP-CDs are 2–5&#xa0;nm in size, well-dispersed, and rich in surface oxygenated groups, enabling them to function as a Cr(VI)-selective probe via inner filter effect and complex formation. This probe demonstrates a proportional response over concentrations ranging between 0 and 184 µM, with a minimum detectable concentration of 1.174 µM. The simultaneously prepared PFP-BC exhibits a porous morphology and plentiful surface functional groups, along with favorable adsorption performance toward Cr(VI), achieving an uptake capacity of 36.5&#xa0;mg/g and maintaining good cycling stability. The sorption process follows the pseudo-second-order rate equation and fits well with the Freundlich equilibrium model, and is identified as a spontaneous exothermic process. This work establishes an integrated “waste-to-bifunctional-material” conversion system, offering a sustainable solution for the simultaneous monitoring and remediation of heavy metals.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Upcycling waste passion fruit peel into carbon dots and biochar via one-pot hydrothermal synthesis for dual Cr(VI) sensing and removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Zhang Yuzhu,
  • Lin Hua,
  • Zeng Sihua

摘要

This study presents a green one-pot hydrothermal strategy to simultaneously convert passion fruit peel (PFP) waste into both fluorescent carbon dots (PFP-CDs) for Cr(VI) detection and biochar (PFP-BC) for Cr(VI) removal. The as-prepared blue-emitting PFP-CDs are 2–5 nm in size, well-dispersed, and rich in surface oxygenated groups, enabling them to function as a Cr(VI)-selective probe via inner filter effect and complex formation. This probe demonstrates a proportional response over concentrations ranging between 0 and 184 µM, with a minimum detectable concentration of 1.174 µM. The simultaneously prepared PFP-BC exhibits a porous morphology and plentiful surface functional groups, along with favorable adsorption performance toward Cr(VI), achieving an uptake capacity of 36.5 mg/g and maintaining good cycling stability. The sorption process follows the pseudo-second-order rate equation and fits well with the Freundlich equilibrium model, and is identified as a spontaneous exothermic process. This work establishes an integrated “waste-to-bifunctional-material” conversion system, offering a sustainable solution for the simultaneous monitoring and remediation of heavy metals.

Graphical Abstract