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<p>In this study, watermelon powder was produced with <i>MD</i> and <i>MACD</i> drying systems and maltodextrin, corn starch carrier agents at rates of 5, 10%. The effects of drying systems and carrier agents on <i>MR</i>, <i>DR</i>, <i>D</i><sub><i>eff</i></sub>, <i>SMER</i>, <i>SEC</i>, and greenhouse gas emissions values of watermelon powders were compared. Drying systems and carrier materials affected the drying kinetics, energy and greenhouse gas emission values of watermelon powders. It has been determined that the average <i>DR</i> values of watermelon powders vary between 0.0806 and 0.1053&#xa0;g moisture/g dry matter.minute. The <i>D</i><sub><i>eff</i></sub> values of watermelon powder ranged between 8.25 × 10<sup>− 7</sup> − 1.49 × 10<sup>− 6</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s. The mean <i>SMER</i> and <i>SEC</i> values of the drying processes ranged 6.50–9.51 × 10<sup>− 3</sup> kg/kWh and 105.12–153.86 kWh/kg, respectively. The values of greenhouse <i>NO</i><sub><i>x</i></sub>, <i>SO</i><sub><i>2</i></sub>, and <i>CO</i><sub><i>2</i></sub> in the watermelon powder production processes ranged 1.47–6.18, 0.0–16.30, and 345.60–1118.21&#xa0;g, respectively. Drying systems and carrier agents affected the color values of watermelon powders. Watermelon powders with the lowest <i>L</i> value were determined in the method using 10% maltodextrin carrier agent (<i>p &lt; 0.05</i>). The predominant red <i>a</i> color value in watermelon fruit varied between 15.94 and 23.43. Drying processes and carrier agents affected the color value <i>b</i>. The <i>b</i> color value of the produced watermelon powder varied between 11.50 and 24.59. Micorwave drying systems are suitable for use in the production of watermelon, especially in terms of kinetics, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions properties.</p>

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Comparison of drying kinetics, quality, greenhouse gas emission and energy consumption properties of watermelon powders produced with microwave and hot air-assisted microwave drying systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Muhammed Taşova,
  • Samet Kaya Dursun,
  • Edanur Türk

摘要

In this study, watermelon powder was produced with MD and MACD drying systems and maltodextrin, corn starch carrier agents at rates of 5, 10%. The effects of drying systems and carrier agents on MR, DR, Deff, SMER, SEC, and greenhouse gas emissions values of watermelon powders were compared. Drying systems and carrier materials affected the drying kinetics, energy and greenhouse gas emission values of watermelon powders. It has been determined that the average DR values of watermelon powders vary between 0.0806 and 0.1053 g moisture/g dry matter.minute. The Deff values of watermelon powder ranged between 8.25 × 10− 7 − 1.49 × 10− 6 m2/s. The mean SMER and SEC values of the drying processes ranged 6.50–9.51 × 10− 3 kg/kWh and 105.12–153.86 kWh/kg, respectively. The values of greenhouse NOx, SO2, and CO2 in the watermelon powder production processes ranged 1.47–6.18, 0.0–16.30, and 345.60–1118.21 g, respectively. Drying systems and carrier agents affected the color values of watermelon powders. Watermelon powders with the lowest L value were determined in the method using 10% maltodextrin carrier agent (p < 0.05). The predominant red a color value in watermelon fruit varied between 15.94 and 23.43. Drying processes and carrier agents affected the color value b. The b color value of the produced watermelon powder varied between 11.50 and 24.59. Micorwave drying systems are suitable for use in the production of watermelon, especially in terms of kinetics, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions properties.