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<p>The conversion of fish skin waste into chrome-free leather represents an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional leather production that relies on harmful chemicals like chromium. This study focused on standardizing leather production from the skin of Unicorn Leatherjacket fish (<i>Alutera monoceros</i>) using chrome-free tanning methods. The process employed various ratios of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and glycerol (1:1, 1:0.5, and 0.5:1) over durations of 4, 7, 14, and 30 days. The proximate composition of the fish skin was 60.77% moisture, 21.58% protein, 1.27% fat, and 16.71% ash, while the acid-soluble collagen (ASC) yield reached 51.38%. FT-IR (Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy) confirmed Type I collagen, while XRD (X-ray Diffraction) indicated ASC’s (Acid soluble collagen) crystalline structure. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) revealed fibrous, spongy collagen structures. The optimized treatment (1:1 IPA: glycerol for 4 days) produced leather exhibiting tensile strength of 28.71&#xa0;N/mm², tear resistance of 42.91&#xa0;N/mm, and elongation at break of 49.81%. Histological analysis indicated that the treatment effectively preserved the collagen fiber arrangement, ensuring desirable leather texture and quality. Sensory evaluation of the dyed leather rated it highly, with an acceptability score of 8.92. This research demonstrates the potential of repurposing fish skin waste for sustainable leather production, contributing to eco-friendly practices in the leather industry.</p>

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Sustainable chrome - free leather production from unicorn leatherjacket fish (Alutera monoceros) skin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月27日

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  • Rithesh Kattekythanahalli Krishnamurthy,
  • Manjanaik Bojayanaik,
  • Sachin Dnyanoba Chavan,
  • Alakuntla Preethi,
  • Ananya Thimmappa,
  • Sagar Naik Chandra Naik,
  • Pavan Kumar Dara,
  • Veena Shetty Alandur,
  • Kishan Prasad Hosapatna Laximinarayana,
  • Shivakumar Rekhyanaik

摘要

The conversion of fish skin waste into chrome-free leather represents an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional leather production that relies on harmful chemicals like chromium. This study focused on standardizing leather production from the skin of Unicorn Leatherjacket fish (Alutera monoceros) using chrome-free tanning methods. The process employed various ratios of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and glycerol (1:1, 1:0.5, and 0.5:1) over durations of 4, 7, 14, and 30 days. The proximate composition of the fish skin was 60.77% moisture, 21.58% protein, 1.27% fat, and 16.71% ash, while the acid-soluble collagen (ASC) yield reached 51.38%. FT-IR (Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy) confirmed Type I collagen, while XRD (X-ray Diffraction) indicated ASC’s (Acid soluble collagen) crystalline structure. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) revealed fibrous, spongy collagen structures. The optimized treatment (1:1 IPA: glycerol for 4 days) produced leather exhibiting tensile strength of 28.71 N/mm², tear resistance of 42.91 N/mm, and elongation at break of 49.81%. Histological analysis indicated that the treatment effectively preserved the collagen fiber arrangement, ensuring desirable leather texture and quality. Sensory evaluation of the dyed leather rated it highly, with an acceptability score of 8.92. This research demonstrates the potential of repurposing fish skin waste for sustainable leather production, contributing to eco-friendly practices in the leather industry.