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<p>The potential of a novel biobased sorbent, Lagenaria breviflora seed husk, for the removal of Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. The research examined the effectiveness of the bio-sorbent in both its unmodified form (UMLB) and after thermal modification (TMLB). The thermal modification involved carbonizing the seed husk at 550&#xa0;°C, followed by washing with H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and deionized water. The adsorbents were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area analysis. FT-IR results indicated that broad bands around 3000–3600&#xa0;cm⁻¹, present in UMLB, diminished in TMLB due to the heat applied during thermal modification. Peak shifts from 2113 to 2102&#xa0;cm⁻¹ and 1581 to 1564&#xa0;cm⁻¹ suggested effective Ni(II) ion binding to both adsorbents. SEM analysis revealed that the thermal modification led to a more defined porous structure in TMLB, although some pore blockage was observed, potentially explaining the lower adsorption capacity of TMLB (0.685&#xa0;mg/g) compared to UMLB (1.419&#xa0;mg/g). The adsorption process was found to be pH-dependent, with an optimal pH of 8.0 for maximum Ni(II) ion removal. BET analysis revealed that thermal modification significantly increased the surface area of TMLB (407.286&#xa0;m²/g) compared to UMLB (349.585&#xa0;m²/g), though surface chemistry played a more critical role in adsorption performance. The adsorption isotherm studies showed that the Langmuir model best fit the experimental data, with R<sup>2</sup> – values of 0.9719 and 0.9736 for UMLB and TMLB respectively, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. Kinetic studies favored the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that the adsorption process was controlled by chemisorption. These findings suggest that <i>Lagenaria breviflora</i> seed husk, particularly in its unmodified form, is a promising bio-sorbent for the removal of Ni(II) ions from contaminated water.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Thermal modification of Lagenaria breviflora seed husk for efficient sequestration of aqueous bound Ni(II): mechanism and performance evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Hillary Onyeka Abugu,
  • Ifeanyi Samson Eze,
  • Nkechinyere Nwanneka Ukwueze,
  • Lawal Abib,
  • Amara Miracle Olaleye,
  • Ekele Dinneya-Onuoha

摘要

The potential of a novel biobased sorbent, Lagenaria breviflora seed husk, for the removal of Ni2+ ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. The research examined the effectiveness of the bio-sorbent in both its unmodified form (UMLB) and after thermal modification (TMLB). The thermal modification involved carbonizing the seed husk at 550 °C, followed by washing with H3PO4 and deionized water. The adsorbents were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area analysis. FT-IR results indicated that broad bands around 3000–3600 cm⁻¹, present in UMLB, diminished in TMLB due to the heat applied during thermal modification. Peak shifts from 2113 to 2102 cm⁻¹ and 1581 to 1564 cm⁻¹ suggested effective Ni(II) ion binding to both adsorbents. SEM analysis revealed that the thermal modification led to a more defined porous structure in TMLB, although some pore blockage was observed, potentially explaining the lower adsorption capacity of TMLB (0.685 mg/g) compared to UMLB (1.419 mg/g). The adsorption process was found to be pH-dependent, with an optimal pH of 8.0 for maximum Ni(II) ion removal. BET analysis revealed that thermal modification significantly increased the surface area of TMLB (407.286 m²/g) compared to UMLB (349.585 m²/g), though surface chemistry played a more critical role in adsorption performance. The adsorption isotherm studies showed that the Langmuir model best fit the experimental data, with R2 – values of 0.9719 and 0.9736 for UMLB and TMLB respectively, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. Kinetic studies favored the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that the adsorption process was controlled by chemisorption. These findings suggest that Lagenaria breviflora seed husk, particularly in its unmodified form, is a promising bio-sorbent for the removal of Ni(II) ions from contaminated water.

Graphical abstract