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<p>Pyrolysis is a promising method for converting agricultural waste into valuable biofuels, yet its efficiency is often limited by high activation energy and complex reaction kinetics. Understanding the kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of the process is crucial for optimizing catalytic performance and enhancing the feasibility of large-scale applications. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of catalytic pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) using CaO catalyst derived from scallop shells were investigated via thermogravimetry analysis at different heating rates (5, 10, and 20&#xa0;°C/min). Three iso-conversional methods, namely Kissinger Akahira Sunose (KAS), Starink, and Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM), were utilized. The average activation energies successfully calculated were in the range of 89.62–209.18&#xa0;kJ/mol for KAS, 78.17–165.89&#xa0;kJ/mol for Starink, and 57.02–125.54&#xa0;kJ/mol for the DAEM method. The 96.82% CaO extracted from scallop shells was shown to reduce the activation energy of EFB pyrolysis. In the presence of the catalyst, the activation energy varied from 53.16 to 94.55&#xa0;kJ/mol for the KAS method, 50.73–90.22&#xa0;kJ/mol for the Starink method, and 42.17–75.01&#xa0;kJ/mol for the DAEM method. The EFB pyrolysis followed a second-order (R2) reaction mechanism. Each constant ΔH and ΔG was positive, while the ΔS value was negative for all EFB pyrolysis processes. The findings of this investigation are expected to be valuable for modeling and designing reactors for EFB pyrolysis, thereby aiding in the optimization of EFB pyrolysis on a commercial scale.</p>

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Iso-conversional approach for investigating pyrolysis kinetics of palm biomass waste using marine shell catalyst

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Fauziyah,
  • Nabila Aprianti,
  • Fatimah,
  • Oka Anisa Wirabuana,
  • Rozirwan,
  • Anna Ida Sunaryo Purwiyanto,
  • Dwi Puspa Indriani,
  • Halikuddin Umasangaji,
  • Gusti Diansyah,
  • Nina Konitat Supriatna,
  • Poedji Loekitowati Hariani

摘要

Pyrolysis is a promising method for converting agricultural waste into valuable biofuels, yet its efficiency is often limited by high activation energy and complex reaction kinetics. Understanding the kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of the process is crucial for optimizing catalytic performance and enhancing the feasibility of large-scale applications. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of catalytic pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) using CaO catalyst derived from scallop shells were investigated via thermogravimetry analysis at different heating rates (5, 10, and 20 °C/min). Three iso-conversional methods, namely Kissinger Akahira Sunose (KAS), Starink, and Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM), were utilized. The average activation energies successfully calculated were in the range of 89.62–209.18 kJ/mol for KAS, 78.17–165.89 kJ/mol for Starink, and 57.02–125.54 kJ/mol for the DAEM method. The 96.82% CaO extracted from scallop shells was shown to reduce the activation energy of EFB pyrolysis. In the presence of the catalyst, the activation energy varied from 53.16 to 94.55 kJ/mol for the KAS method, 50.73–90.22 kJ/mol for the Starink method, and 42.17–75.01 kJ/mol for the DAEM method. The EFB pyrolysis followed a second-order (R2) reaction mechanism. Each constant ΔH and ΔG was positive, while the ΔS value was negative for all EFB pyrolysis processes. The findings of this investigation are expected to be valuable for modeling and designing reactors for EFB pyrolysis, thereby aiding in the optimization of EFB pyrolysis on a commercial scale.