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<p>Endemic fluorosis in human skeletal frameworks is caused by drinking water with a high amount of fluoride ions (F<sup>−</sup>). Addressing the challenge necessitates the development of a high-performance adsorbent for F<sup>−</sup> removal in aqueous media. Thus, the current study evaluates the performance of BC associated with persulfate (PS) for F<sup>−</sup> removal for the first time (BC/PS system). The adsorption performance of the BC/PS system was tested at 10&#xa0;mg/L initial concentration and pH = 7 while varying the contact time (1–5&#xa0;min). Additionally, a persulfate-treated BC (BC-PS) was prepared and tested for F<sup>−</sup> adsorption. The modified adsorbent (BC-PS) was characterized to evaluate the morphology, surface area, surface functional groups and chemical composition materials. The BC/PS system showed significantly higher F⁻ removal efficiency (52.1% to 86.63%) compared to BC alone (22.23% to 42.93%) under 1 and 5&#xa0;min contact time. The observed effect was mainly attributed to the acidification properties of BC/PS system due to the release of H<sup>+</sup> during the adsorption process. Also, BC-PS adsorbent exhibited almost twice the sorption capacity (15.981&#xa0;mg/g) as compared to 9.037&#xa0;mg/g of BC for F<sup>−</sup> removal. The isotherm model reveals that the process follows Langmuir isotherm (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999) with process kinetics defined by a pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.996). Thermodynamic analysis of F<sup>−</sup> adsorption on BC-PS indicates an endothermic physisorption (∆H° = 1.70&#xa0;kJ/mol) and non- spontaneous (∆G° ˃ 0) process. Overall, the study revealed that PS treatment of BC can enhance the adsorption efficiency of the absorbent, making it a sustainable sorbent alternative.</p>

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Development of persulfate-treated bone char for efficient fluoride adsorption in aqueous media: kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Mohamed Raoul Ibrahim,
  • Oyetade Joshua Akinropo,
  • Sali Mouhamadou,
  • Anton Nikiforov,
  • Christophe Leys,
  • Dalhatou Sadou,
  • Askwar Hilonga

摘要

Endemic fluorosis in human skeletal frameworks is caused by drinking water with a high amount of fluoride ions (F−). Addressing the challenge necessitates the development of a high-performance adsorbent for F− removal in aqueous media. Thus, the current study evaluates the performance of BC associated with persulfate (PS) for F− removal for the first time (BC/PS system). The adsorption performance of the BC/PS system was tested at 10 mg/L initial concentration and pH = 7 while varying the contact time (1–5 min). Additionally, a persulfate-treated BC (BC-PS) was prepared and tested for F− adsorption. The modified adsorbent (BC-PS) was characterized to evaluate the morphology, surface area, surface functional groups and chemical composition materials. The BC/PS system showed significantly higher F⁻ removal efficiency (52.1% to 86.63%) compared to BC alone (22.23% to 42.93%) under 1 and 5 min contact time. The observed effect was mainly attributed to the acidification properties of BC/PS system due to the release of H+ during the adsorption process. Also, BC-PS adsorbent exhibited almost twice the sorption capacity (15.981 mg/g) as compared to 9.037 mg/g of BC for F− removal. The isotherm model reveals that the process follows Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999) with process kinetics defined by a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.996). Thermodynamic analysis of F− adsorption on BC-PS indicates an endothermic physisorption (∆H° = 1.70 kJ/mol) and non- spontaneous (∆G° ˃ 0) process. Overall, the study revealed that PS treatment of BC can enhance the adsorption efficiency of the absorbent, making it a sustainable sorbent alternative.