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<p>Passion fruit (PF) waste causes significant environmental pollution. Utilization of PF extracts as oxidative stabilizer and corrosion inhibitor is barely addressed. In this study, GC-MS analysis of PF rind and seed methanolic extracts (yellow and purple varieties) identified a range of phytochemicals such as, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, propanoic acid, propylene glycol, maltol, piperazine, homopiperazine, tetradecanoic acids, hexadecanoic acid, etc. Three biodiesel samples were synthesized from neem seed oil, karanja seed oil, and waste cooking oil for this study. Their transesterification efficiency was found to be above 98% meeting EN 14,214 specifications. The acid value (0.41–0.48&#xa0;mg KOH/g), pour point (6–9&#xa0;°C), cloud point (11–15&#xa0;°C), flash point (148–163&#xa0;°C) and calorific value (31–33&#xa0;MJ/Kg) of the biodiesel were in accord with ASTM (6751–02) limits. All biodiesel were found thermally stable (172–191&#xa0;°C) confirmed from the TGA analysis. Oxidative stability of different biodiesel was evaluated following ASTM D7545 method, incorporating various PF extracts. Rind and seed extracts of yellow passion fruit (YPF) and seed extract of purple passion fruit (PPF) improved biodiesel’s oxidation stability by two-fold compared to neat biodiesel. Further, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of PF extracts on mild steel (MS) in different biodiesel was found to be noteworthy (inhibition efficiency of 71–74%) as determined by the weight loss method. Further, the XRD, EDX, and SEM analyses demonstrated the corrosion protective effects of the PF extracts on MS, revealing changes in crystallographic structure, elemental composition, and surface morphology that corroborated the formation of a protective layer. This study showcases a sustainable strategy for harnessing phytochemical-rich extracts from PF bio-waste to enhance biodiesel’s oxidative stability and reduce its corrosive effects.</p>

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Utilizing passion fruit bio-waste derived extracts to improve oxidation stability and corrosion resistance in second generation biofuel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Sukumar Purohit,
  • Vaibhav V. Goud

摘要

Passion fruit (PF) waste causes significant environmental pollution. Utilization of PF extracts as oxidative stabilizer and corrosion inhibitor is barely addressed. In this study, GC-MS analysis of PF rind and seed methanolic extracts (yellow and purple varieties) identified a range of phytochemicals such as, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, propanoic acid, propylene glycol, maltol, piperazine, homopiperazine, tetradecanoic acids, hexadecanoic acid, etc. Three biodiesel samples were synthesized from neem seed oil, karanja seed oil, and waste cooking oil for this study. Their transesterification efficiency was found to be above 98% meeting EN 14,214 specifications. The acid value (0.41–0.48 mg KOH/g), pour point (6–9 °C), cloud point (11–15 °C), flash point (148–163 °C) and calorific value (31–33 MJ/Kg) of the biodiesel were in accord with ASTM (6751–02) limits. All biodiesel were found thermally stable (172–191 °C) confirmed from the TGA analysis. Oxidative stability of different biodiesel was evaluated following ASTM D7545 method, incorporating various PF extracts. Rind and seed extracts of yellow passion fruit (YPF) and seed extract of purple passion fruit (PPF) improved biodiesel’s oxidation stability by two-fold compared to neat biodiesel. Further, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of PF extracts on mild steel (MS) in different biodiesel was found to be noteworthy (inhibition efficiency of 71–74%) as determined by the weight loss method. Further, the XRD, EDX, and SEM analyses demonstrated the corrosion protective effects of the PF extracts on MS, revealing changes in crystallographic structure, elemental composition, and surface morphology that corroborated the formation of a protective layer. This study showcases a sustainable strategy for harnessing phytochemical-rich extracts from PF bio-waste to enhance biodiesel’s oxidative stability and reduce its corrosive effects.