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<p>Lignocellulosic biomass, a rich source of carbohydrates, presents the hurdle of lignin and other compounds, such as calcium oxalate (CaOX), that hinder its utilization. <i>Agave</i> and other plants like prickly pear (<i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i>) have evolved traits, including crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), that allow them to survive extreme heat and drought, including naturally high CaOX levels. This study demonstrated that the CaOx extraction from <i>Agave tequilana</i> Weber bagasse and <i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i>, followed by protic ionic liquid (PIL) pretreatment with ethanolamine acetate ([EOA][OAc]), significantly improved the chemical and structural properties and the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of the biomass. This enhancement was demonstrated as a notable increase in sugar concentrations, especially for <i>Agave</i>, which exhibited a 3.9-fold rise in monosaccharides. Improved glucan and xylan conversions were obtained in the CaOx-extracted samples. This effect was more evident in the pretreated samples at elevated temperatures (160&#xa0;°C), attributable to the breakdown of biomass structure and higher accessibility of the enzymes to the secondary cell wall region. Furthermore, a strong correlation between lignin reduction and glucose release was identified, with the benefits being more pronounced in CaOx-extracted biomass. Thus, processing feedstocks with a naturally high CaOx content using this approach (CaOx extraction followed by PIL pretreatment) could effectively enhance the bioconversion potential, representing a breakthrough in biomass processing for biorefinery applications of CAM plants.</p>

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Calcium oxalate extraction promotes higher sugar conversion in Agave and Opuntia before protic ionic liquid pretreatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Jose A. Pérez-Pimienta,
  • Damián J. Castillo-Preciado,
  • Sylvia S. Guillén-Isiordia,
  • Ezequiel González Olivo,
  • Jesús Jara-Cortés,
  • Carlos Escamilla-Alvarado,
  • Hugo O. Méndez-Acosta

摘要

Lignocellulosic biomass, a rich source of carbohydrates, presents the hurdle of lignin and other compounds, such as calcium oxalate (CaOX), that hinder its utilization. Agave and other plants like prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) have evolved traits, including crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), that allow them to survive extreme heat and drought, including naturally high CaOX levels. This study demonstrated that the CaOx extraction from Agave tequilana Weber bagasse and Opuntia ficus-indica, followed by protic ionic liquid (PIL) pretreatment with ethanolamine acetate ([EOA][OAc]), significantly improved the chemical and structural properties and the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of the biomass. This enhancement was demonstrated as a notable increase in sugar concentrations, especially for Agave, which exhibited a 3.9-fold rise in monosaccharides. Improved glucan and xylan conversions were obtained in the CaOx-extracted samples. This effect was more evident in the pretreated samples at elevated temperatures (160 °C), attributable to the breakdown of biomass structure and higher accessibility of the enzymes to the secondary cell wall region. Furthermore, a strong correlation between lignin reduction and glucose release was identified, with the benefits being more pronounced in CaOx-extracted biomass. Thus, processing feedstocks with a naturally high CaOx content using this approach (CaOx extraction followed by PIL pretreatment) could effectively enhance the bioconversion potential, representing a breakthrough in biomass processing for biorefinery applications of CAM plants.