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<p>Despite the immense application potential and growing demand for keratin across the world, extraction of keratin from waste wool in an eco-friendly manner is one of the major hurdles for mass-scale valorization of undervalued and waste wool. This research presents, for the first time, the isolation of a keratin-degrading bacterial strain (AR 31), identified as <i>Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis</i>, sourced from poultry waste. An optimized protocol yielding 14.02&#xa0;mg/ml soluble keratin by ~ 56% degradation of waste wool (5% concentration) with AR31 (5% inoculum) in a nitrogen-free minimal salt medium (pH-8) at 40&#xa0;°C in 8 days was developed. The extracted keratin hydrolysate was analyzed for amino acid content, molecular size, functional groups, crystallinity, surface morphology and thermal stability. The study further explored the application of keratin hydrolysate in biofilm production by combining varying doses of keratin hydrolysate with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and glycerin, optimizing the formulation using a Box–Behnken model. Twenty-seven biofilms with varied properties were developed, showing differences in areal density (121–551&#xa0;g/m<sup>2</sup>), tensile load (4.2–17.4&#xa0;N), tensile strength (0.32–1.16 KN/m), elongation (38.6–92&#xa0;mm), breaking length (0.123–0.504&#xa0;km), and crease recovery (61-154<sup>0</sup>). These biofilms showed differential behavior for the development of a zone potency index for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Principal component analysis indicated a positive effect of keratin on biofilm’s antimicrobial properties. These findings suggest that utilizing waste wool for keratin extraction not only provides an eco-friendly solution but also offers potential economic benefits to Indian sheep farmers and wool industries by turning an undervalued byproduct into a valuable resource.</p>

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A novel microbial strategy for keratin recovery from sheep wool waste and development of antimicrobial biofilms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Avijit Das,
  • B. S. Manjunatha,
  • Atul Singha,
  • D. B. Shakyawar,
  • Ruby Das,
  • Nilimesh Mridha,
  • Deb Prasad Ray,
  • Aastha Chanda,
  • Rakesh Kumar Ghosh

摘要

Despite the immense application potential and growing demand for keratin across the world, extraction of keratin from waste wool in an eco-friendly manner is one of the major hurdles for mass-scale valorization of undervalued and waste wool. This research presents, for the first time, the isolation of a keratin-degrading bacterial strain (AR 31), identified as Paenibacillus wulumuqiensis, sourced from poultry waste. An optimized protocol yielding 14.02 mg/ml soluble keratin by ~ 56% degradation of waste wool (5% concentration) with AR31 (5% inoculum) in a nitrogen-free minimal salt medium (pH-8) at 40 °C in 8 days was developed. The extracted keratin hydrolysate was analyzed for amino acid content, molecular size, functional groups, crystallinity, surface morphology and thermal stability. The study further explored the application of keratin hydrolysate in biofilm production by combining varying doses of keratin hydrolysate with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and glycerin, optimizing the formulation using a Box–Behnken model. Twenty-seven biofilms with varied properties were developed, showing differences in areal density (121–551 g/m2), tensile load (4.2–17.4 N), tensile strength (0.32–1.16 KN/m), elongation (38.6–92 mm), breaking length (0.123–0.504 km), and crease recovery (61-1540). These biofilms showed differential behavior for the development of a zone potency index for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Principal component analysis indicated a positive effect of keratin on biofilm’s antimicrobial properties. These findings suggest that utilizing waste wool for keratin extraction not only provides an eco-friendly solution but also offers potential economic benefits to Indian sheep farmers and wool industries by turning an undervalued byproduct into a valuable resource.