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<p>The development of new alternative adsorbents and the removal of pollutants in aqueous systems are essential to ensure the preservation of water quality, protect aquatic ecosystems and minimize public health risks, in addition to complying with increasingly stringent environmental regulations. In this study, long pepper leaves (INLP) were used to produce a carbonaceous adsorbent (LPAC), which was applied in the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water. This adsorbent was characterized by pH<sub>pzc</sub>, SEM, FTIR, XRD and BET. The surface areas of INLP and LPAC were 1.26 and 59.3 m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The removal tests indicated that the optimal pH value was 10.25 for MB adsorption on LPAC. MB/LPAC adsorption equilibrium was evaluated at 298 – 328&#xa0;K. The Maximum equilibrium adsorption capacities were 86.5 ± 1.20; 85.56 ± 1.10; 85.28 ± 0.80; and 84.72 ± 0.84&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> for tested operating conditions. MB removal decreased with increasing the aqueous solution temperature. Langmuir model fitted the experimental MB adsorption data (<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> and <i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup><sub><i>adj</i></sub> &gt; 0.9971) suggesting a monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamically, this adsorption system was exothermic with <i>ΔH°</i> = -17.90&#xa0;kJ&#xa0;mol<sup>−1</sup>. PVSDM modeled MB adsorption kinetics on LPAC. The results indicated that the pore volume diffusion, surface diffusion and external mass transfer controlled the adsorption process of this dye molecule. DFT calculations obtained at the PBE-D3/Def2-SVP level of theory suggest a physisorption mechanism for MB adsorption, primarily governed by cation-π type electrostatic interaction. The total cost calculated to produce LPAC was 3.97 USD kg<sup>−1</sup>. Thus, LPAC is also economically viable as a low-cost adsorbent.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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New carbonaceous adsorbent from pepper long leaves after extraction by steam distillation and its application in the sequestration of methylene blue

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月10日

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  • Jarrie P. Lima,
  • Gabriel S. Pradella,
  • Leticia A. Licks,
  • Fernanda A. Santos,
  • Toni J. Lopes,
  • Erwin García-Hernández,
  • Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet

摘要

The development of new alternative adsorbents and the removal of pollutants in aqueous systems are essential to ensure the preservation of water quality, protect aquatic ecosystems and minimize public health risks, in addition to complying with increasingly stringent environmental regulations. In this study, long pepper leaves (INLP) were used to produce a carbonaceous adsorbent (LPAC), which was applied in the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water. This adsorbent was characterized by pHpzc, SEM, FTIR, XRD and BET. The surface areas of INLP and LPAC were 1.26 and 59.3 m2 g−1, respectively. The removal tests indicated that the optimal pH value was 10.25 for MB adsorption on LPAC. MB/LPAC adsorption equilibrium was evaluated at 298 – 328 K. The Maximum equilibrium adsorption capacities were 86.5 ± 1.20; 85.56 ± 1.10; 85.28 ± 0.80; and 84.72 ± 0.84 mg g−1 for tested operating conditions. MB removal decreased with increasing the aqueous solution temperature. Langmuir model fitted the experimental MB adsorption data (R2 and R2adj > 0.9971) suggesting a monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamically, this adsorption system was exothermic with ΔH° = -17.90 kJ mol−1. PVSDM modeled MB adsorption kinetics on LPAC. The results indicated that the pore volume diffusion, surface diffusion and external mass transfer controlled the adsorption process of this dye molecule. DFT calculations obtained at the PBE-D3/Def2-SVP level of theory suggest a physisorption mechanism for MB adsorption, primarily governed by cation-π type electrostatic interaction. The total cost calculated to produce LPAC was 3.97 USD kg−1. Thus, LPAC is also economically viable as a low-cost adsorbent.

Graphical Abstract