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<p>Pyrolysis is a promising method for converting biomass into energy. The present study focused on the air-limited pyrolysis of Pongamia pod husk (PPH) in a fixed bed reactor at varying temperatures, examining the resulting pyrolytic products. As the temperature increased, syngas production showed an increasing trend, while biochar production decreased. The bio-oil production showed a rising trend up to 600&#xa0;°C, followed by a slight decline, likely due to the secondary cracking of the bio-oil into gases. Gas composition was investigated using GC-TCD, and biochar was characterized through FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The air-limited pyrolysis process produced hydrogen-rich syngas, with a maximum yield of 39.22 ± 0.31% at 700&#xa0;°C after 8&#xa0;h. Biochar obtained at 700&#xa0;°C had a carbon content of 77.22%. Compositional analysis of bio-oil revealed the presence of various components, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, nitriles, and oxygen-containing compounds such as acids, fatty acid esters, and ketones. The syngas produced from PPH pyrolysis could be used as fuel or converted into liquid fuels like methanol, while biochar has applications in agriculture, industrial catalysis, and bioremediation. Additionally, bio-oil may be upgraded into valuable fuels.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Non-catalytic pyrolysis of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre pod husk in an air-limited fixed bed reactor and characterization of pyrolytic products

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月10日

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  • Rajesh Kumar Kodi,
  • Rameshaiah Gowdara Narayanappa

摘要

Pyrolysis is a promising method for converting biomass into energy. The present study focused on the air-limited pyrolysis of Pongamia pod husk (PPH) in a fixed bed reactor at varying temperatures, examining the resulting pyrolytic products. As the temperature increased, syngas production showed an increasing trend, while biochar production decreased. The bio-oil production showed a rising trend up to 600 °C, followed by a slight decline, likely due to the secondary cracking of the bio-oil into gases. Gas composition was investigated using GC-TCD, and biochar was characterized through FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The air-limited pyrolysis process produced hydrogen-rich syngas, with a maximum yield of 39.22 ± 0.31% at 700 °C after 8 h. Biochar obtained at 700 °C had a carbon content of 77.22%. Compositional analysis of bio-oil revealed the presence of various components, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, nitriles, and oxygen-containing compounds such as acids, fatty acid esters, and ketones. The syngas produced from PPH pyrolysis could be used as fuel or converted into liquid fuels like methanol, while biochar has applications in agriculture, industrial catalysis, and bioremediation. Additionally, bio-oil may be upgraded into valuable fuels.

Graphical Abstract