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<p>Sewage sludge (SS) has been identified as a viable and sustainable raw material for the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process due to its high moisture content, which alleviates challenges associated with the dewatering process and enhances energy recovery. This study investigates the effects of feedstock composition and process parameters, especially the role of acid catalysts on hydrochar (HC) properties (fuel characteristics, surface properties, and morphology). Among the tested Co-substrates, corn cobs (CC) proved to be the most effective, yielding hydrochar with a higher heating value (HHV) compared to yard waste (YW) and rice husks (RH). The study also examined optimal conditions for maximizing hydrochar yield and energy recovery. Hydrochar produced from Co-HTC exhibited characteristics similar to natural coal, including reduced hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) and oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) atomic ratios and high HHV. The highest energy retention efficiency (ERE) was achieved (91%) at a high moisture-feedstock ratio (L:S-14:1). An 83% ERE was obtained with an extended residence time, while an increased reaction temperature resulted in an 89% ERE. The addition of citric acid monohydrate (CA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) accelerated the reaction process, enhanced both energy retention and fuel quality, and also improved surface properties. Furthermore, experiments demonstrated that orange peels function as an effective natural catalyst, lowering the pH and improving the energy density of the hydrochar. This makes orange peels a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to expensive chemical additives like citric acid.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of energy recovery through the catalytic Co-hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge and lignocellulose biomass

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月22日

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  • Samar Mahata,
  • Prasanta Majee,
  • Sudheekar Reddy Periyavaram,
  • Shashank Srivastava,
  • Chandrasekhar Matli

摘要

Sewage sludge (SS) has been identified as a viable and sustainable raw material for the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process due to its high moisture content, which alleviates challenges associated with the dewatering process and enhances energy recovery. This study investigates the effects of feedstock composition and process parameters, especially the role of acid catalysts on hydrochar (HC) properties (fuel characteristics, surface properties, and morphology). Among the tested Co-substrates, corn cobs (CC) proved to be the most effective, yielding hydrochar with a higher heating value (HHV) compared to yard waste (YW) and rice husks (RH). The study also examined optimal conditions for maximizing hydrochar yield and energy recovery. Hydrochar produced from Co-HTC exhibited characteristics similar to natural coal, including reduced hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) and oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) atomic ratios and high HHV. The highest energy retention efficiency (ERE) was achieved (91%) at a high moisture-feedstock ratio (L:S-14:1). An 83% ERE was obtained with an extended residence time, while an increased reaction temperature resulted in an 89% ERE. The addition of citric acid monohydrate (CA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) accelerated the reaction process, enhanced both energy retention and fuel quality, and also improved surface properties. Furthermore, experiments demonstrated that orange peels function as an effective natural catalyst, lowering the pH and improving the energy density of the hydrochar. This makes orange peels a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to expensive chemical additives like citric acid.

Graphical abstract