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<p>Tea is the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverage in the world leading to the generation of enormous amounts of spent tea waste (STW). The challenges related to its disposal present themselves as a formidable task. In the present paper, utilization of STW as a suitable substrate for the production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme consortia and cellulose microfiber (CMF) generation has been demonstrated. <i>Aspergillus niger</i>&#xa0;was used for the production of enzyme cocktail (cellulase 11.9 U/gds, xylanase 2693.3 U/gds, and mannanase 1045.1 U/gds) in solid-state fermentation with untreated STW as substrate. For the generation of CMF, dried STW (10 g) was delignified using 4% NaOH, resulting in 6.67 g alkali-treated tea (ATT). The ATT (1 g) was then treated with the aforesaid <i>A. niger</i> enzyme consortia (5 mL) for 24 h at 50 °C for the production of CMF. Multiscale characterization of untreated STW, ATT, and CMF revealed the production of crystalline cellulose microfiber (CMF) with a crystallinity index of 44.2%. Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrated the early combustion of CMF in comparison to ATT and STW due to the absence of lignin and hemicellulosic content in CMF, while particle size analysis confirmed the size of CMF to be 184 ± 11 nm, having a crystallinity index of 44.2%. The present paper demonstrates the utilization of STW for enzyme production and a chemo-enzymatic method for the production of CMF from a waste.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of spent tea waste for generation of cellulose microfibers using cellulases and hemicellulases of Aspergillus niger

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月17日

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  • Suresh Nath,
  • Naveen Kango

摘要

Tea is the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverage in the world leading to the generation of enormous amounts of spent tea waste (STW). The challenges related to its disposal present themselves as a formidable task. In the present paper, utilization of STW as a suitable substrate for the production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme consortia and cellulose microfiber (CMF) generation has been demonstrated. Aspergillus niger was used for the production of enzyme cocktail (cellulase 11.9 U/gds, xylanase 2693.3 U/gds, and mannanase 1045.1 U/gds) in solid-state fermentation with untreated STW as substrate. For the generation of CMF, dried STW (10 g) was delignified using 4% NaOH, resulting in 6.67 g alkali-treated tea (ATT). The ATT (1 g) was then treated with the aforesaid A. niger enzyme consortia (5 mL) for 24 h at 50 °C for the production of CMF. Multiscale characterization of untreated STW, ATT, and CMF revealed the production of crystalline cellulose microfiber (CMF) with a crystallinity index of 44.2%. Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrated the early combustion of CMF in comparison to ATT and STW due to the absence of lignin and hemicellulosic content in CMF, while particle size analysis confirmed the size of CMF to be 184 ± 11 nm, having a crystallinity index of 44.2%. The present paper demonstrates the utilization of STW for enzyme production and a chemo-enzymatic method for the production of CMF from a waste.

Graphical abstract